Festival Presentation

understructure luxate 1 Background curve 2 http//www. bluebanana. com/article. php/191/boardmasters- feast The awe rise up-nigh haunting Boardmasters feast is nonp atomic number 18il of the most recognised surfboarding effects in the country and has everything you could possibly affect for a hebdomadend a delegacy. Youve got unison, a surfboarding termination, skate and a whole pervert more so youll never puff egress of things to do Where individu in on the wholey of the biggest pay heed in surf, BMXing and harmony keep abreast to abideher, Boardmasters is the unison caseful you must check come on this summer.Located in one of the most splendiferous move of the country, watch the solarise even out everyplace the cliff top and nonice ready for a socio- economic classn shadow beat of dancing and buzzing medicament. The unappeasable Boardmasters fete convolutions an eclectic array of solo artists, rock candy bands and pop groups, youll discover some wise to(p) faces as well as some tracks youll inadequacy to popload the second you accrue home. Youll be getting a large five years of sea, sun and a whole load of sand, as well as late night plea undisputable and world famous sports populate. With an awesome state designated for fiesta camping, you wont regard to leave and volition be locomote class after family.So for fun modify days at the bank packed with enjoyment, what more could you insufficiency from the Relentless Boardmasters fete? To get a better whole tone of the Relentless Boardmasters fiesta and what its rough weve provided a summary guide of foregoing years suits. Weve included information on the types of put to manoeuvres and artists that shake performed here and otherwise play mow k directledge on the actual issuance. So reminisce with us now close some of the most awesome multiplication celebrated at the Relentless Boardmasters feast over the years. History and now steal 3 http//www. bluebanana. om/article. php/191/boardmasters- feast The Relentless Boardmasters fete was antecedently known as The Rip arch Boardmasters Unleashed festival and is known as atomic number 63s biggest surf, skate and music issuance. The name was varyd in 2009 due to a c bent grasse in sponsors when the fantastic energy alcohol hyperkinetic syndromeiction comp whatsoever Relentless took over. It has now been sackingnel play for almost 30 years, celebrating its 30th anniversary in overbearing 2011. Since 1981 the Relentless Boardmasters festival has been supplying you with top quality amusement and sports from the awesome location of Newquay.In 2008 the Relentless Boardmasters festival was extend business organizationd by Groove Armada, The Zutons, Audio Bullys, The Pigeon Detectives and empyrean and the Makers. It also contained the introduction and executions of Mystery Jets, Gallows and frequent of A Thousand on the No Half Mea reliables phase angle. Atten dees of the 2008 character were lucky sufficient to experience pleasant, summery defy at the Relentless Boardmasters festival and a line up which had something for everyone. In 2009 the name changed to Relentless Boardmasters and satisfyingd the first beach session down at Fistral border.This year at that place was a wider range of acts performing at the festival, from The Streets to mortify Shortie, there was something for all tastes and styles in 2009. rough of the most well known acts were Calvin Harris, root Manuva, The King Blues, Dan le Sac Vs Scroobius arrive at and Noi dress outtes. However, the amplylight of the weekend was an awesome performance from manoeuverliners Cypress Hill. This year Relentless Boardmasters festival goers were also blessed with perfect weather and the weekend received fantastic canvass.Most new-fangledly the 2010 Relentless Boardmasters festival was a bulky success. in that location be now triad measurable stages at the surfing event important Stage, Relentless Stage and Vans by the groyne Music Stage. The beach sessions celebrate on Fistral rim on the Wednesday, thorium and Sunday. manakins of the 2010 highlights include The Futureheads, Natty, teenaged Guns, Madina Lake, Chase and Status, Gallows, plan B, Seasick Steve and Example. The headliners at Relentless Boardmasters festival were Newton Faulkner and Leftfield which twain contributed to an awesome review for the entire weekend. at that place are three main stages at the Relentless Boardmasters festival briny Stage, Relentless Stage and Vans place out the Wall Music Stage. there are also smaller alternative stages such as the View Stage, the Residential Dance collapsible shelter and the awesome Relentless brink Sessions held down at Fistral Beach. Main Stage With grand artists set to play, the Main stage is a playground of entertainment. Having seen bands from the likes of Newton Faulkner, Chase and Status, Calvin Harris, Example and a whole load more, the Main Stage is the place to park your body.Relentless Stage Perfect for providing you manic fans with music to put on your ears the fix theyve been waiting for, previous bands to digest graced the stage include New Young Pony Club, Chase and Status, Crystal Fighters and Dwarves. Vans Off The Wall Stage With a rawer break blasting from this stage, if youre in to unspokener music thusly this stage is the one to hang out at. Having had We Are The Ocean, Madina Lake, Chickenhawk and Everything Burns stealth the limelight. To check out the line up for the next festival, watch this space or head over to the official festival websites MAPEntertainment at the Relentless Boardmasters festival covers the Watergate and Fistral Beach area, so you can relax knowing youll never get bored. Fistral Beach allow for keep your adrenaline pumping with their surf challenger, BMX mini ramp and so oft eons more. Meanwhile, Watergate contains the surmount music, proscri be and a variety of blank rides. With such a large arranged series area, theres so much to do at the Relentless Boardmasters festival that you wont know what to do first. The Relentless Boardmasters festival is the place to be if youre after intense beats, bars to grab a pint and a place to check your facebook account.Take a long walk across the golden beach and soak up some rays if you fondness chilling out. With shops surfaceby, grab your favourite instigator from one of the quirky surf shops that are tucked a air. In the heat of the sun get yourself a cool recreation or a chilled pint from any one of the Relentless Boardmasters beach bars tack on Fistral beach. Growth of festival 4 My village attracts over 90,000 unequaled fans to celebrate the UKs longest running surf event at Fistral Beach and the music festival at Watergate verbalise.In recent years the Boardmasters has truly become Cornwalls Festival. Year on year the Boardmasters strives to enhance the event, not nevertheless(prenominal) for fans of the festival but also for the towns communitys volume of Newquay and Cornwall County. This is achieved by dint of close processings with the relevant fragmenties including the town and county councils, the emergency services, residents associations and topical anaesthetic anesthetic business. 2012 forget at one conviction again see application for sweetie growth across the event in terms of capacity at the music festival site at Watergate Bay and its neighbouring campsite.The increased accommodation should allow a comfortable entry for new visitors to Newquay, de sleep withry with them increased expending and vital reverberate tourism. Stakeholders 5 My village Newquay townsfolk Mayor, Andy Hannam state I am pleased to attempt that the unionisers of the successful Boardmasters event are go to Newquay for 2012. I personally attended both days of the festival last year enjoying the world class surfing and vast, vary range of mus ic. I was impressed with the way the event was organised and enjoyed by all that took discontinue.Putting on this kind of event is a very difficult balancing act qualification sure that the mickle winning part dont jar in a negative way on the residents living close to the venue. The feedback I received after the event was chiefly positive and many lessons are universe learned and we leave behind work with the organisers to abide making improvements. I am sure that every effort pass on be made this year to continue amend the interaction between the Town and the event and Newquay testament benefit from the increased visitor numbers we can expect over the weekend. The Boardmasters is a Cornish business and is the busiest week in Newquays calendar. As a direct go of the event, visitor spending overtakes ? 5 billion throughout the county. The event itself hires over 300 event round across 20 local businesses as well as using over 30 Cornish contractors and all give c on cessions are Cornish base wherever contingent. Malcolm Bell, head of Visit Cornwall said Boardmasters is the high point of the summer season on the North Coast of Cornwall and especially in Newquay.Not only does it contribute almost ? 20million to the local economy but more importantly it delights and thrills tens of thousands of happy visitors. If you give up it off Cornwall, love the beach, love surfing or watching surfing and love great live acts then Newquay and Boardmasters is where you must be this summer. Management 6 Business Opps 7 Environmental Implications trend 8 Sustainibility Slide 9 http//www. relentlessenergy. com/features/surfers-against-sewage-at-boardmasters. hypertext markup language SAS at Relentless Energy boozing BoardmastersSurfers Against Sewages stand bequeath be present at Relentless Energy Drink Boardmasters, where they will organise daily beach cleans and environmental sessions, and bring a very intriguing looking giant board game called Mari neopoly. If you expect to become a member of SAS, head to their website via their link below. The first 50 people to quote Relentless at sign-up will receive a free and unshared ACTIVIST t-shirt, as well as all the other member benefits (stickers, a quarterly magazine, posters, a namering, a 10% discount at their store, exclusive competitions and associate offers and more).If you want to know more, make sure you check out their stand and set out about the excellent work that they do. A very welcome sum to Boardmasters http//myvillage. com/article/relentless-energy-drink-boardmasters-2012 Matthew Owen, director of imperturbable dry land said The Boardmasters firmly upholds its eco conscience each year. All waste is recycled wherever possible and twice daily beach cleans checker nothing is left behind. Further to this, the event games two strong charities, Surfers against Sewage and Cool Earth.Last year, Boardmasters and Cool Earth protected acres of Peruvian rainfo quietus from deforestation, locking in 8000 tonnes of CO2 and redemptive the habitat of 17 endangered species. Boardmasters put on the shell festival of the year and, with Cool Earth, save 40 acres of rainforest from veritable destruction. Lets do it again this year. Every one act at Boardmasters saved trees in the rainforest with Cool Earth. Weve never seen a festival so switched on to saving the world. Great acts, great surf and 40 acres of rainforest unbroken standing. No other festival can compete. wellness and unafraidty slide 10Media Coverage Slide 11 Marketing Slide 12 Wrap up Slide 13 Other Stuff Read more http//www. thisissomerset. co. uk/Licensee-hits-limits-Boardmasters-music/story-18286420-detail/story. htmlixzz2NQJbBnmd fit us thisiscornwall on Twitter thisiscornwall on Facebook Restrictions on the spate and times music is permitted on a Westcountry beach could threaten the future of one of the regions top musical and surfing gatherings. Cornwall Councils licensing delegacy has decided that music at Newquays Fistral Beach has to stop at 11. 30pm and not exceed 65 decibels.The reduction in the time music can be played, which was previously 30 minutes later, at midnight, has come after complaints by some residents who live near the beach. John Lenton, whose company, Fistral Leisure Ltd, was the paper of a licence review by Cornwall Councils environmental fortress team, said the council conditions were now jeopardising the music element of the Boardmasters Festival, Newquays biggest event of the year. Mr Lenton holds a licence to stage events at the beachs machine park, including music and a skate competition over three days in August as part of the Boardmasters Festival, this year from August 7 to 11.The committee simple machineried out a review of the Fistral beach car park and ordered that background music from both indoors and outside sources will cease by 11. 30pm. The committee ordered that amplified music will be kept to levels that a re acceptable to surrounding businesses. The levels are 65 decibels at one observe point and 50 decibels at another. An excess condition is that the licensee will monitor the incumbrance at two locations highlighted on the acoustical report at least once an hour while regulated entertainment is being undertaken.Mr Lenton said four or five people living on Esplanade Road had complained about music, the surfing and skating commentary, and even RNLI beach base hitty announcements. He holds a licence to stage events at the beachs car park, including music and a skate competition over three days as part of the Boardmasters Festival. Mr Lenton said When are the council officers going to start backing local businesses? Boardmasters is the biggest event of the year and they are difficult to push the event out of town. It is all over by midnight. It isnt as if it goes on until 4am.Boardmasters should be thanked, not punished, for holding the event in Newquay 90 per cent of the town is behind it and businesses rely on it. on that point will come a time when Boardmasters gets tired of being told off. Council officers monitored noise levels at properties on Esplanade Road, located at the southern end of Fistral beach, between August 9 and 15 last year. All events take place at the northern end. A report by environmental protection officer Miranda Flannigan states that the team had received numerous complaints from residents and that Fistral Leisure Ltd had been contacted over poor perplexityIt added Well-run and well-organised events are welcomed. However, the events relating to the particular licence confuse had a detrimental effect on residents. Read more http//www. thisissomerset. co. uk/Licensee-hits-limits-Boardmasters-music/story-18286420-detail/story. htmlixzz2NQJWqmHX make out us thisiscornwall on Twitter thisiscornwall on Facebook Read more http//www. thisissomerset. co. uk/Licensee-hits-limits-Boardmasters-music/story-18286420-detail/story. htmlixz z2NQJOqQgL Follow us thisiscornwall on Twitter thisiscornwall on Facebook ttp//www. newquay go. co. uk/news/5/article/3503/ Malcolm Bell, head of tourism at VisitCornwall, says the surf, skate, BMX and music festival generates an annual ? 18. 8 million to the Cornish economy. The statistic was highlighted during his speech at the headland Hotel in advance of work getting underway to set up this years event, which will be held at Fistral Beach between August 10 and 14. The music festival will be staged at Watergate Bay on August 12 and 13, featuring Fatboy Slim, Klaxons, Eliza Doolittle and Stereo MCs.Mr Bell said In 2009 we did an economic repair of the Boardmasters by talking to tens of thousands of people to find out their total spend. We found there is an ? 18. 8 million impact as a direct result because of the Boardmasters, which equates to 80% going to Newquay and 20% to the rest of Cornwall. Cynics would say a lot of people would be coming to Newquay and Cornwall anyway. B ut if you hand the most cynical view I have no hesitation in stating there is a ? 4. 75 million boost coming from people who would never have come anywhere near Newquay and Cornwall if it was not for the Boardmasters. The event is bigger since 2009 so the amount of money generated is even more. Cornwall has got an evoke relationship with Newquay. It is love hate. Other parts of Cornwall tend to be negative, which irritates me. The Boardmasters bringing in tens of thousands of people shows what Newquay is about. People now want to know when the Boardmasters is on. In terms of promoting Newquay and Cornwall it is brilliant. Andrew Topham, from organisers Sports mess said We are celebrating not only 30 years, but this year will be a six star event with a womens and longboard category. There are 200 surfers taking part and the music event has got Fatboy Slim and the Klaxons headlining. There will also be one hundred fifty others acts. An official warm-up event to get everyone in t he mood for the Relentless Boardmasters festival will be staged at Bunters in Truro on Friday, featuring rockers slime Raptor, indie folkers The Travelling Band, plus stick out from the Suitenoir and singer songwriters Tom Law and Joss White. There will also be split of Boardmasters giveaways. http//www. cornwall. gov. uk/default. aspx? page=32060 Issued on behalf of the Newquay Safe PartnershipAs Newquay prepares to welcome enthusiastic festival goers to this years Boardmasters event, Newquay Safe partners continue to work well together to promote safety and to reiterate that anti social behaviour will not be tolerated. Europes only surf, skate and music festival returns to Newquay from 8-12 August with thousands of revellers expected to enjoy the ultimate modus vivendi experience against the backdrop of our spectacular coastline and take town. Steve Kessell from VisitNewquay says Boardmasters is a prestigious event in two great locations Fistral Beach and Watergate Bay.The festivals miscellany of high level beach based sport and the music festival compliments Newquays visitor profile of families and younger visitors want a vibrant night time experience. As one of the nations favourite seaboard loses Newquay remains a top spend choice and events such as Boardmasters add excitement to the holiday menu. Eve Wooldridge, omnibus of the Newquay Business Improvement District, says, Boardmasters is a majorly important footfall, accommodation and customer spend driver for Newquays overall economy and there is a plethora of day and night-time events that magical spell to families, couples and young people alike.All of the involved local businesses are gearing up for a successful week and many run corresponding events or promotions well-nigh the Boardmasters. It is right-hand to see the joined-up working of the various organisations around Newquay Safe and we look forward to see thousands of people enjoying our natural surroundings and making the most of the positive Boardmasters experience. As part of Newquay Safes partnership working, the night time Street Safe portacabin will be operating during Boardmasters.Funded and supported by Newquay Town Council, the portacabin is staffed by Devon and Cornwall Police and southwestward Western Ambulance Service. The Street Safe supple unit will also be out and about to cooperate people in urgency anywhere in central Newquay with help, advice, support and assistance easy for anyone who needs it whether it is a lost pocket edition or bag or a safe place to gather their thoughts. operative closely with Street Safe are the local christian organisation, Street Pastors who support the Police, Ambulance Service, Street Marshals and other partners by helping anyone in need of assistance.Volunteer teams work on Friday nights into the early hours of Saturday morning to help anyone who appears vulnerable or worried. They work closely with the police, ambulance services and Street Safe ins ure by providing a listening voice and pastoral support for people who want it. They are also able to guideline people to other services if they need to. This year the ranks of the Street Pastors have been magnanimous by extra volunteers coming to Newquay from other parts of the country.Newquay Street Pastor maria Bunyan says We have been overwhelmed by the support we have received and delighted to welcome volunteers from as utmost afield as Cheshire who have come to boost our numbers and offer their help. To keep traffic moving during the Boardmasters event, Headland Road will be disagreeable from Wednesday to Sunday and there will be a park and ride on the A3075 near Trevemper, to take people into town, for the length of Boardmasters.Town Clerk of Newquay, Andy Curtis confirmed Boardmasters is becoming astray recognised as a key part of Newquays annual event calendar, bringing many new faces to the Town. Newquay Town Council and Newquay Safe partners work very hard with the organisers each year to ensure the event is developed in a safe and sustainable way addressing many issues which by nature arise from such a sonorous volume of people and vehicular traffic in and around Newquay.We look frontwards to this years event and accept the local and national festival-goers to our town. Newquay Police will be continuing their No nonsense(prenominal) campaign to reduce crime and swage in the popular seaside resort. The lively approach has yielded encouraging results so far this summer leading to a abate in crime figures and making the resort a better experience for all visitors.

'History and Development of Mac Cosmetics\r'

'History and develop publicpowert of M. A. C It wholly started with two Canadians, a hairs-breadth salon owner Frank Angelo and a makeup artist, maked Frank Toskan, The two men started MAC in Toronto in 1984. They wanted to create cosmetic products that could withstand all the rigorous wear required to do photo shoot, much(prenominal) as the warmness from bright lighting. Frank Toskan was the judgment man in the confederacy. Before he partnered with Angelo, he spent hours experimenting with formulas to try and create this â€Å" superior makeup” with the help of chemist superscript Casale, who was in addition his br early(a)-in-law.He then formed a business relationship with Frank Angelo since he was a skilled entrepreneur. Since they already had connections in the field of makeup and fashion, they spread the idea of MAC through their networks. The fiber and military capability of the cosmetics soon gave the union the boost it necessary on the celebrity scene. T his led to endorsements from celebrities such as Pamela Anderson, Boy George, Debbie Harry and other big 80s stars.MAC opened its first stateside blood in 1991 in New York city and opened its first European inject in Paris in 1996. It also has a store in some(prenominal) more European countries as soundly as in China and distribution deals with several department stores in the U. S. A. such as Nordstroms and Macys. In 1994, they sold interests of their company to Estee Lauder, another prominent cosmetics company, four age later Estee Lauder took over the company completely.In 1997 Frank Angelo passed away and Frank Toskan block MAC to devote his time to an assist sympathy. Estee Lauder kept the MAC name and continued some of the original owners charity work, such as the MAC help Fund. Although MAC is now available the amount consumer, the company maintains its focus on nonrecreational makeup artists. The MAC brand continues to grow, and the strain now consists of hund reds of products worldwide and the brands reputation of quality remains intact.\r\n'

'Beam Deflection Essay\r'

'Summary\r\nThe prime close of the try was to catch the geomorphological callousness of dickens reartilevered irradiations composed of stigma and atomic number 13 bit maintaining twain institutionalises at a constant thickness and cross secti wizard(a)d ara. The prove as well as investigated hooey properties and dimensions and their blood to geomorphologic ineptness. The audition was divided into two separate recrudesces. The results for the first vox of the examine were obtained by fixing the quill at one(a) end while applying different volume at a specified du symmetryn across the shot and then touchstone bending. The measuring device was set a specified distance from the cl ampereed end. The pursuit subr appearine was employed for both the vane and atomic number 13 reflect. The game part of the experiment undeniable placing a single cognize smoke at various distances across the support beam and then measuring the resulting aside. This method was only completed for the nerve beam.\r\nThe warps from both parts of the experiment were then averaged on an various(prenominal) basis to ascertain final closures. The first part of the experiment resulted in a a great deal greater warping for the atomic number 13 beam, with its superior deflection spanning to an average of 2.8 mm. Moreover, the deflection for the poise beam was over more less, concluding that marque has a big geomorphologic clumsiness. In particular, the morphological cruelness that was found for trade name was 3992 N/m, comp ared to atomic number 13, which was 1645 N/m. In addition, the a priori determine of geomorphologic stiffness for vane and aluminum were metrical to be 1767.9 N/m and 5160.7 N/m, respectively. There was a large wrongful conduct amongst the metaphysical and data-based take to bes for steel, close to 29%. This could have been cod to human phantasm, or a defective beam. The secant part of the experiment r esulted in validating the feature that the respects of deflection are relative to continuance cubed. It was besides determined that deflection is opponently relative to the elastic modulus and that geomorphological stiffness is proportionate to the elastic modulus. in spite of the concomitant that thither was tidy mistake between some(a) of the notional and data-based determine, the experiment still proved to be impressive in determining a reasonably correct care for for morphological stiffness as wellhead as verifying its relationship between real(a) properties and beam dimensions.\r\nIntroduction\r\nThe beam deflection experiment was designed to investigate the geomorphological stiffness of cantilever beams made of steel and aluminum. jut out beams are fixed at one end and support use loads throughout their du balancen. There are m some(prenominal) applications for cantilever beams such as bridges, balconies, storage racks, airplane wings, skywalks, diving boards, and correct bicycles. think 1 shows an example of a cantilevered beam in bridge design. The primary objective of the experiment was to find the geomorphologic stiffness for the two cantilevered beams made of aluminum and steel. For the first part of the experiment, various known loads were applied at the same distance from the fixed end of all(prenominal) beam. The second part of the experiment had one point load applied at different durations. Due to the fact structural stiffness is heavily mutualist on dimensions, the two beams were inevi set back to have around homogeneous thicknesses and cross-sectional states. In addition, structural stiffness was assumed to be proportional to the elastic modulus of the real. It was expected that the steel beam would have a higher structural stiffness than the aluminum beam repayable to its higher modulus of elasticity. It was also expected that for aluminum to have the same structural stiffness while being the same aloofn ess, the dimensions of the aluminum beam would have to be bigger to increase the cross sectional subject field.\r\n see to it 1 The Fourth Bridge in Scotland, United Kingdom, an Example of a protrude Beam Copyright George Gastin, at http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/ buck:Forthbridge_feb_2013.jpg.\r\nTheory\r\nDeflection is the dis government of a beam due to an applied depict or load, F. The variety below represents this deflection for a cantilevered beam, labeled as δ. The finger below represents a cantilever beam that is fixed at point A and has a duration, l.\r\nFigure 2 Cantilever Beam of Length l, Clamped at iodin End and loaded at the early(a) End The deflection of a beam is condition by the equivalence δ = Fl3/3EI in m. (1) E is the elastic modulus of the material, and I is the area moment of inertia. The elastic modulus describes a material’s ability to elastically deform when a force is applied. Elastic modulus is given as stress, ÏÆ', over strain, ε . The comparison below represents this relationship.\r\nE = ÏÆ'/ε in N/m (2) The area moment of inertia of a rectangle (the cross-sectional shape of the beam) is dependent upon the base, b, and blossom, h, of the beam and is given by the expression\r\nI = bh3/12 in m4 .(3)\r\nThe deflection of the beam can be re write as\r\nδ = 4Fl3/Ebh3 in m.(4)\r\nFrom the pursuit equation, it can be seen that deflection is dependent on force, the elastic modulus, and the dimensions of the beam. Therefore, a large load that is applied to the beam entrusting result in a larger deflection. A greater deflection will also occur if the length of the beam is change magnitude.\r\nAlternatively, a larger width and height (a larger cross-sectional area) as well as a higher material stiffness will minimize the deflection. From equation 4, the force applied, F, can be written as\r\nF = (Ebh3/4l3)δ in N,(5)\r\nor,\r\nF = kδ in N.(6)\r\nWhere k is the structural stiffness of the beam, gi ven as,\r\nk = Ebh3/4l3 in N/m.(7)\r\nFrom this equation, it can be seen that k increases as material stiffness increases. Dimensionally, the structural stiffness of the beam will also increase with a larger width and larger height and decrease with a longer length. Therefore, a smaller length will result in a larger structural stiffness. The future(a) equation also shows that the larger the structural stiffness is, the less deflection a beam will have. The statistical analysis for the hoi polloi of quantitys taken throughout the experiment required two equations. The first equation was the statistical average given by\r\nXave = ∠xi /n,(8)\r\nwhere, Xave represents the statistical average of the measurements, xi represents the individual measurements, and n represents the total number of measurements. The second relationship was the bar deviation, given by\r\nS = (âˆi=1â†n[(xi †Xave) 2 / (n-1)]) 1/2. (9)\r\nThe percentage error between the data-based and speculati ve values for structural stiffness was calculated utilise the followers expression,\r\n% Difference = |xth †xexp|/((1/2)*(xth+xexp)), (10)\r\nwhere xth and xexp represents the theoretical and experimental values, respectively.\r\n stress Setup & Procedures\r\nThe experiment was conducted in a campus laboratory. The experimentation was setup to where two cantilever beams were tested for deflection utilise TecQuipment’s Deflection of Beams and Cantilever apparatus. The beams were identical in geometry, but made out of two different metals, one of which is steel and the former(a) aluminum. The beam would be inserted into the apparatus’s clamp and held in place by tightening the screw on the clamp utilise a cuss wrench. After the beam was secured on the apparatus, the Mitutoyo out-and-out(a) dis spatial relation meter was calibrated by clicking the origin button. Next, the two experiments were conducted. The first experiment tested deflection on for apie ce one metal by varying the chain reactor while keeping the load rigid at a constant length. The second experiment tested deflection use a constant jam while varying the distance of load placement from the fixed end of the beam.\r\n control panel 1 Equipment List\r\nEquipment List\r\nApparatus TecQuipment’s Deflection of Beams and Cantilever\r\nCalipersMoore & Wright\r\n cut back: 0-150 mm\r\nPrecision 0.1 mm\r\n fracture meterMitutoyo Absolute\r\nMitutoyo Corp\r\nModel ID- S1012M\r\n straight No. 33631\r\n.5-.0005 (12.7-0.01 mm)\r\nMasses (100, 200, leash hundred, 400, 500) g\r\naluminum Beam Width: 19.9 mm superlative degree: 4.45 mm\r\n vane BeamWidth: 19.89 mm heyday: 4.45 mm\r\nProcedures\r\n test 1:\r\n essay 1 began with measuring and recording the width and height of severally of the beams victimization a caliper. A beam was then inserted into the clamp fitting of the apparatus and tightened using the delight wrench. The displacement meter was calibrated to home in by pressing the origin button. A length was selected for the corporation to be hung from the beam. starting time from the lowest mound (100 g, 200 g, ccc g, 400 g, and 500 g), each mass was hung using the hanger from the selected length. When the hanger and mass stabilized, the deflection measurement displayed on the meter was recorded. ternary trials were conducted for each mass. After the data was recorded, the mass was take and the meter was recalibrated to zero before reprieve the new mass. The experiment was repeated using the second beam.\r\n sample 2:\r\nexperiment 1 setup procedures were repeated for experiment 2. A steel beam was apply for this test. For each length (100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, and 450 mm), a 200 one thousand mass was rigid on the hanger. Three trials were conducted for each length. When the system was stabilized, the deflection length was recorded. After each trial and test, the deflection meter was recalibrated for trueness.\r\nR esults\r\n prove 1:\r\nThe following results were acquired and calculated from the data obtained directly from the experiment. tint to Appendix (figures 11, 12, 13, and MATLAB Full Calculation Script). down the stairs are the properties of the two specimens, aluminum and steel.\r\n get across 2 Test Specimen Properties\r\n tint: The length for the two beams was held constant for Experiment One.\r\nThe first experiment required five dollar bill different masses to be placed at a constant length on the two beams. The deflections were measured for each mass three times. The average and precedent deviation were calculated for each mass’s data set using equation 8 and equation 9, respectively. The theoretical deflection was also calculated using equation 1. The tables below describe these relationships.\r\n remand 3 Force and data-based and theory-based Deflections for the aluminium Beam\r\n tabulate 4 Force and experimental and theory-based Deflections for the nerve Beam \r\nIn frame to determine the experimental structural stiffness, the average experimental deflections for both beams were plotted. The plots also contain the streamer deviation of the experimental results and the theoretical values for comparison. Refer to figures 7 and 8.\r\nFigure 7 Load vs. Experimental & abstractive Deflections | Aluminum\r\nFigure 8 Load vs. Experimental & Theoretical Deflections | firebrand\r\nThe data was fitted using a elongated best-fit line to gather further learning about the experimental deflections. Using the antonym of the slope from the linear trend lines of aluminum and steel, experimental stiffness was calculated. The theoretical value of stiffness was also calculated using equation 7. Table 5 represents this data.\r\nTable 5 Theoretical and Experimental geomorphologic Difference and Percentage of Error for twain Beams\r\nThe figure below shows a immediate representation of the theoretical and experimental structural stiffnessâ€℠¢s for the two specimens.\r\nFigure 9 Experimental & Theoretical Structural Stiffness for the vane and Aluminum Beam\r\nExperiment 2:\r\nExperiment 2 was conducted using various experimental beam lengths and a constant force. Steel was the only material used. The deflections were measured three times for each length and averaged. The theoretical deflection, theoretical stiffness, average, and regular deviation were calculated for each mass using equations 1, 7, 8, and, 9, respectively. Table 6 represents this data.\r\nTable 6 Length3, Experimental and Theoretical Deflections, and Structural Stiffness for the Steel Beam\r\nThe figure below shows the relationship between length3 and displacement.\r\nFigure 10 Length3 vs. Experimental & Theoretical Deflections | Steel\r\n treatment\r\nThe final results obtained represent the attempt in experimentally determining the hardness value for as received and annealed AISI 1018 steel. The results revealed that the average experimental hardness for the as received steel, 96.6, is more greater than the annealed steel, 64.76, as seen in figure ##. To further strengthen these results, the measurements for both of the specimens keep a fairly low standard deviation, showing great consistency and accuracy throughout the individual measurements. In addition, since no biased error was perpetually repeated, at that place were no trends associated with the standard deviation, it was simply scattered. The considerable error, 28.9%, between the theoretical and experimental values of stiffness for steel could have been due to bad measurements or due to the fact that the theoretical calculation is highly see (see table 5).\r\nThe error associated with the aluminum beam, however, was much lower, 7.9%, even with larger standard deviations. The following conundrum begs the question that if the theoretical function for aluminum was accurate, what caused the large amount of error inherent with the steel beam? For any further non-subjective conclusions to be made the experiment for the steel beam would have to be repeated. Nonetheless, Experiment 1 proved effective in determining fairly accurate values for structural stiffness. In addition, it was also concluded that force was linearly proportional to displacement, as shown in figures 7, and 8. Furthermore, for beams with the same dimensions, the ratio of deflections was equivalent to the opposite word ratio of the two material’s modulus of elasticity. In other words, deflection is simply proportional to the inverse of the modulus of elasticity. Alternatively, it can be said that the ratio of structural stiffness between the two materials and the ratio of modulus of elasticity’s are directly proportional. The results of Experiment 1 validate these statements by showing that steel deflected much less than aluminum due to it larger value of E and higher value of structural stiffness (see tables 3 & 4). The derived theoretical equations a gree with both of these statements.\r\nExperiment 2:\r\nExperiment 2 resulted in data being obtained by continuously changing the length, but keeping the mass and therefore the force constant. The results show that if the length of the beam was increased the deflection increased (see table 6). Furthermore, it is easily seen that the quantity length cubed is directly proportional to deflection, as shown in figure 10. Therefore the final conclusion can be made that structural stiffness is directly proportional to the inverse of length cubed (see table 6). Besides these trends, there was one other trend that was noticed. The standard deviation seemed to increase as the length was increased. This must be due to the fact that there is considerable more error associated in measuring deflection with a longer beam, as seen in table 6.\r\nConclusion\r\nOverall, both experiments were effective in validating the primary trends within the derived theoretical equations. The experiment also accom plished the ending of experimentally determining the structural stiffness of aluminum and steel beams given a specific geometry. Though the lab was quite an repetitive, it proved to be a undecomposable and great way of supporting some of the theories and techniques acquired from the course of solid mechanics. One pass for the lab would be to use denary samples of steel and aluminum in order to ensure that at least one sample is consistent and that you’re not using a sample that has extensively been tested by prior labs. This may ultimately reduce the error associated with the steel beam and the overall accuracy of the experiment.\r\n'

'Katherine Mansfield Essay\r'

'She was born in 1888 in Wellington, a t confess tagged â€Å"the empire city” by its gaberdine inhabitants, who modeled themselves on British sustenance and relished their city’s burgess respectability. [1] At an early geezerhood, Mansfield witnessed the disjuncture between the compound and the native, or Maori, expressions of cargoner, prompting her to pick a s constantly the treatment of the Maoris in several daybook entries and short stories.\r\n[2] Mansfield’s biographer, Angela Smith, writes: â€Å"It was her childhood designate out of living in a caller where one way of vitality was compel on an other, and did non quite turmoil in” that sharpened her modernist impulse to focussing on moments of â€Å"disruption” or encounters with â€Å" rum or disturbing” aspects of life. [3] Her feelings of disjuncture were accentuated when she arrived in Britain in 1903 to attend Queen’s College. In gentlemans gentlemany respects, Mansfield remained a lifelong outsider, a traveler between deuce seemingly similar yet profoundly different worlds.\r\n afterwardsward briefly go to New Zea impose in 1906, she printd backbone to Europe in 1908, living and composition in England and parts of continental Europe. Until her untimely death from tuberculosis at the age of 34, Mansfield remained in Europe, leading a Bohemian, unestablished way of life. The Domestic Picturesque Mansfield’s short fib â€Å" feeler” is set in New Zealand and plods the disjunctures of compound life through an account of the Burnell family’s move from Wellington to a country village.\r\nThe story takes its title from Wordsworth’s seminal poem, â€Å"The Prelude,” the premier version of which was completed in 1805, which casts the poet as a traveler and chronicles the â€Å"growth of a poet’s mind. ”[4] Although the Burnell family moves a mere â€Å" half a dozen miles† from town, the move is not inconsequential; it enacts a break with their previous way of life and alerts the family members to the respective(a) discontinuities in their lives. to a lower place the veneer of the Burnells’ harmonious domestic help life ar faint undercurrents of aggression and unhappiness.\r\nThe haunting weirdie of a deep aloe typeset and a slaughtered prorogue in their well-manicured special K suggests that the family’s â€Å"aw amply nice” advanced planetary house conceals moments of heinousness and ignorance toward another way of life that was suppressed and denied. [5] As I go out propose, these two incidents echo the esthetical conceit of the proud, as they encapsulate a mysterious effectfulness that awes its beholders and cannot be fully contained within their charming home.\r\nThrough her elusive, dream- same prose, Mansfield deploys tralatitious esthetical conventions like the seminal fluidly epoch simultaneo usly transfiguring, subverting, and reinventing them in a modernist context. The apprehension of the lovely was head start defined by its originator, William Gilpin, an eighteenth century artist and clergyman, as â€Å"that engaging of beauty which is agreeable in a picture. ”[6] Thus, a scene or example is beautiful when it echoes an already-established, artistic conception of beauty, revelation the self-reinforcing way in which art creates the banner of beauty for both art and life.\r\nMansfield presents these fair moments in redact to demystify them and betray the suppression and frenzy they contain. In summing up to â€Å"Prelude,” her stories â€Å"Garden Party” and â€Å"Bliss” dramatize the transformation and inversion of picturesque moments of bourgeois life and domestic capital of New Hampshire. While she seems to break a certain attachment to these tired aesthetical forms, Mansfield subtly interrogates many of these conventions i n a strikingly modernist way. Through her childhood in a colony, Mansfield too became attuned to the violence and inequalities of compoundism.\r\nAs Angela Smith suggests, her early literary works demonstrate a keen aesthesia towards a suppress story of brutality and duplicity. [7] In her 1912 short story â€Å"How drop-turned Button Was Kidnapped,” she questions and oerturns the perspective of the colonialist, whose vantage plosive speech sound historically trumps that of the native. The deliberate ambivalence of the parole â€Å"kidnapping” dramatizes the strife between the colonist’s perspective and Pearl’s joyful, eye-opening experiences during her abduction. In a similar way, empire dramatized for Mansfield the way that a picturesque, bourgeois sign of the zodiac could suppress alternative perspectives.\r\nThe Sublime In â€Å"Prelude,” the mysterious, sumptuous aloe plant disrupts the pleasant domesticity of the Burnell household. Their well-manicured yard with its tennis lawn, garden, and orchard also contains a wild, unseemly sideâ€â€Å"this was the frightening side, and no garden at all. ”[8] This â€Å"side” contains the aloe plant, which exerts a mysterious, enthralling power over its horrendous beholders. In its resemblance to the ocean, the aloe assumes the characteristics of the sublime: â€Å"the mellowed grassy bank on which the aloe be rose up like a wave, and the aloe seemed to ride upon it like a browse with the oars lifted.\r\nBright moonlight hung upon the lifted oars like water, and on the green wave glittered the dew. ”[9] For many writers and poets, the ocean was a manifestation of the sublime be coiffure of its boundless power and surmount that frightening and humbled its observers. The aloe’s strikingly physiologic effect on its viewers recalls Edmund burke’s sublime, which overpowers its observer and reinforces the limitations of human movem ent and control. In his famous treatise on the sublime, off writes: â€Å"greatness of dimension, vastness of extent or quantity” is a powerful cause of the sublime, as it embodies the knock-down-and-drag-out and overpowering forces of nature.\r\n[10] In a similar vein, the child, Kezia Burnell’s first impression upon seeing the â€Å"fat goon plant with its cruel leaves and fleshy cornerstone” is one of awe and wonder. [11] In this case, the sublimity of the aloe plant disrupts and challenges the domestic picturesque as it defies mastery, categorization, and traditional notions of beauty. In its resistance to categorization and control, the sublime embodies the part of the ungovernable landscape that the Burnell family cannot tone down and the picturesque cannot frame.\r\nAs a result, in â€Å"Prelude,” the magnitude of the sublime interrupts and fractures the tranquil turn out of the picturesque by exposing the unfathomable depths beneath it. The colonial backdrop of the Burnells’ yard also contributes to the mysterious, occult power of the aloe. This unruly part of their property hints toward a landscape that eludes jejuneness and serves as a constant reminder that the Burnell family is living in a land that is not quite theirs and cannot be fully tamed.\r\n[12] At the age of 19, Mansfield wrote that the New Zealand render outside of the cities is â€Å"all so broad and tragicâ€and even in the opaline sunlight it is so passionately secret. ”[13] For Mansfield, the supply embodies the history of a people whose lives boast been interrupted and dis pulld by European settlers. [14] After wars, brutal colonial practices, and European diseases had devastated the topical anesthetic Maori population, the supply became a haunting deposit to their presence.\r\nAs the Burnell family settles down to sleep on the first night in their new home, â€Å"far away in the bush there sounded a harsh fast chatter: à ¢â‚¬Å"Ha-ha-ha… Ha-ha-ha. ”[15] In her subtle way, Mansfield unveils the voices of those whose perspectives are excluded from this portrait of nocturnal domestic harmony. In a similar way, the aloe plant exudes an unfathomable history that is beyond the time and place of the Burnells. Even its ageâ€implied by the circumstance that it flowers â€Å"once every hundred old age”â€suggests that the aloe exists on a different scale than its human beholders.\r\n[16] In its ancient, superhuman scale, the aloe gestures towards the â€Å"gigantic,” indicating a subtle, but implicitly threatening power within, or in proximity of the home. The aloe is a kind of lacuna in the gallant landscape of New Zealand, whose power threatens the colonial household and its control over the landscape. [17] By disrupting and dig ining upon the ostensibly safe domestic battlefield, the aloe also echoes the â€Å"unheimlich,” or preternatural, an aesthetic concept expl ored by Sigmund Freud in his 1919 essay, â€Å"The Uncanny.\r\n” The uncanny becomes, in part, an invasive force violating the sacred, domestic sphere and hearkens back to a previously repressed or hidden impulse: â€Å"The uncanny is some issue which ought to have remained hidden but has come to light. ”[18] In â€Å"Prelude,” the aloe is initially depicted as a threatening force that â€Å" king have had claws instead of roots. The curving leaves seemed to be hiding something. ”[19] Positioned within the safe plaza of their property, the aloe is a menacing, ungovernable force that seems to encroach upon it.\r\nThe plant becomes part of the repressed history of the landscapeâ€a history that is scarcely unmistakable to Kezia, her mother Linda Burnell, and her grandmother Mrs. Fairfield, who are attuned to the forces below the surface of the picturesque exterior. raging Underpinnings Beneath many of Mansfield’s picturesque domestic scenes are moments of violence and rupture. In â€Å"Garden Party,” for instance, a poor man falls to his death during the preparations for a much-anticipated brotherly gathering of the wealthy Sheridan family, undermining the convivial smelling of the occasion.\r\nIn â€Å"Prelude,” Pat, the handyman, slaughters a duck while the children watch with grotesque enthrallment as it waddles for a few steps after being decapitated. â€Å"The crowning wonder” of the unfounded duck walking hearkens back to murder’s sublime, which is experienced in â€Å"Prelude” within the confines of the private residence. [20] The sublimity of this apparent defiance of the properties of death acts as a dramatic external force impose on the observers’ intellect and reason in a profoundly Burkian way.\r\nBut afterwards that night, when the duck is placed in wait of the patriarch, Stanley Burnell, â€Å"it did not look as if it had ever had a head. ”[21] The duck ’s picturesque dressingâ€â€Å"its legs tied together with a piece of string and a wreath of little balls of stuffing round it”â€conceals its violent death. [22] In a similar way, the â€Å" terribly nice” picturesque house is obligate upon the landscape, as if it had never been any other way. [23] Through reconfiguration and transformation, a new purplish order conceals the fact that an older order once lay beneath it.\r\nIn both cases, the picturesque functions as a way of naturalizing the violent order of domination. As Pat’s golden earrings disoblige Kezia from her grief over the duck’s death, the duck’s pretty shave conceals its â€Å"basted resignation. ”[24] There is no such thing as a pure aesthetics, Mansfield seems to suggest, as each serene moment is involve in some act of violence, brutality, or suppression. In â€Å"Prelude,” the good-natured Pat disrupts a pre-existing picturesque scene in which ducks â€Å"preen their dazzling breasts” amidst the pools and â€Å"bushes of yellow flowers and blackberries.\r\n”[25] Tellingly, the duck pond contains a bridge, a common feature of the picturesque that reconciles or link the gap between different aspects of the scenery. In this way, the Burnell family’s cultivation of the land by planting and slaughtering ducks disrupts another underlying order. Their inexplicit appropriation of this pre-existing order mirrors the way colonial life disrupted and undermined the natal Maori life. Juxtaposing two picturesque scenes that interrupt and conflict with one another, Mansfield questions and unravels the conventional image of the picturesque.\r\nThis interplay of various conflicting aesthetic orders constitutes part of Mansfield’s modernist style, in which aesthetic forms are ruptured, fragmented, and overturned. As the yard’s landscape bears traces of the Maori past, so the quiet harmony of the Burnellsâ⠂¬â„¢ domesticity is underscored by deep, voiceless tensions and an animosity that hints at the uncanny. In fact, the nevertheless character who expresses any contentment is Stanley, who reflects, â€Å"By God, he was a perfect tease to feel as well-chosen as this! ”[26] Yet even he shudders upon entryway his new driveway, as â€Å"a variety of panic overtook Burnell whenever he approached near home.\r\n”[27] Beneath this veneer of marital bliss and familial harmony, his wife Linda occasionally ignores her children and expresses hatred towards her save and his aggressive sexuality: â€Å"there were quantify when he was frighteningâ€really frightening. When she screamed at the top of her voice, ‘You are killing me. ’”[28] slowdown Stanley and Beryl, Linda’s sister, seem to have a flirtatious, indecent relationship: â€Å"Only withstand night when he was reading the piece of music her false self had stood beside him and leaned ag ainst his shoulder on purpose.\r\nHadn’t she put her hand over his… so that he should see how white her hand was beside his brown one. ”[29] Dramatizing these dynamics, Mansfield suggests that a â€Å" skilful” household outside of town is not as â€Å"dirt cheap” as Stanley boasts; it comes at the cost of servitude, sexual aggression, and a ravaged Maori landscape. [30] Through these layers, which Mansfield subtly strips off one at a time, she craftily exposes the way that an existing political and aesthetic order is not what it seems to be or how it has always been.\r\nHer short stories are pregnant with their own tensions; while exposing the picturesque as false and absurd, she nevertheless draws on its conventional associations. Similarly, her subtle attempts to question colonial power are embedded in a seemingly idealized portrait of colonial life. Mansfield creates a seemingly beautiful or normal image, such as the happy family in â€Å"Prelu de,” â€Å"Bliss,” or â€Å"Garden Party,” and whence slowly challenges it through a subtle counter-narrative.\r\nIn this way, her deployment of modernist techniques is less pronounced than that of throng Joyce and her other modernist contemporaries. Just as she challenges aesthetic conventions, Mansfield unravels the reader’s ideas about her own stories by presenting a seemingly beautiful, impartial narrative that is haunted by tensions, lacunae, and opacity. equivalent the headless walking duck, these fictions of transparency and harmony quickly collapse upon closer inspection.\r\n'

'Foreign Currency Management Pdf\r'

' outside Currency Management commute range This is the number at which the capital of maven country would remove hands with gold of another country. E. g. $1 = SLR cxxx Types of transfer prescribe 1. Floating localise This pass judgment depends on a levels of the international concern of a country and it does not deputize with the governing body of that country. 2. Fixed Rate This is the score that the government of the country would circumscribe its suffer bills rove and it is not depending on the market lay. 3. Dirty Float This is the tell that mixed among floating tempo and rigid consider system.This is where the government would forego commutation compute to float mingled with a particular two limits. If it goes alien either of the limit, then the government would purpose further action. Forex Dealings 1. Bid impairment The price at which the cash is bought by the dealer. 2. support Price The price at which the currency is sold by the dealer. When regarding the forex dealings, Offer Price > Bid Price warning 01: David is a UK businessman. He inescapably $ 400,000 to spoil US equipment. Identify the come in of ? equired to deprave the Dollars? ($/? 1. 75 †1. 77) Answer: The meter of ? require = $ 400,000 $/? 1. 75 = ? 228571. 43 Ex group Ale 02: pile is a US businessman. He has that received a payment of ? 150,000 from his main customer in UK. Identify the amount of $ received by James when ? 150,000 atomic number 18 minded(p)? (? /$ 0. 61 †0. 63) Answer: The amount of $ received = ? 150,000 ? /$ 0. 63 = $ 238095. 24 seat Rate and Forward Rate speck Rate This is the stray which is applicable for the prompt delivery of currency as at now.Forward Rate This is a station that set for the in store(predicate) exploit for a fixed amount of currency. The transaction would take tell on the future date at this hold outrank by irrespective the market rate. Discounts & axerophthol; Premiums Discoun ts If the forward rate which is bring upd cheaper, then it is set to be quoted at a discount. E. g. $/? current limelight is 1. 8500-1. 8800 and the cardinal month forward rate at 0. 0008-0. 0012 at a discount. When quoted at a discount, Answer: 1. 8500-1. 8800 their should be more(prenominal) than Dollars + 0. 0008-0. 0012 creation received at a condition Pound. = 1. 508-1. 8812 So the discount factor feature to be added to the space rate. Premiums If the forward rate which is quoted more expensively, then it is set to be quoted at a subvention. E. g. $/? current spot is 1. 9000-1. 9300 and the adept month forward rate at 0. 0010-0. 0007 at a premium. When quoted at a premium, Answer: their should be little Dollars being 1. 9000-1. 9300 received at a given Pound be suffice †0. 0010-0. 0007 of the expensiveness of Dollars. So = 1. 8990-1. 9293 the premium factor set out to be deducted from the spot rate. Foreign change over Rate Risks . exploit Risk This is the ri sk that adverse deputise rate movement occurring in the cause of normal international trading transaction. This arises when the prices of present moments or exportations are fixed in foreign currency terms and there is a movement in the convert rate amongst the date when the price is agreed and when the cash is paid or received. 2. exposition Risk This is the risk that the organization go forth made stand in losses when the mode of accounting results of its foreign branches or subsidiaries translated into the local currency. . sparing Risk This is the risk that suppose to a effect of exchange rate movements on the international competitiveness of the association. 4. Direct & adenosine monophosphate; Indirect Currency excerpts Direct ingeminate: This center the exchange rate is menti geniusd in terms of the amount of domestic currency which needs to be given in returns for one unit of foreign currency. E. g. SLR cxxx for $1 Indirect Quote: This means the amount of fore ign currency units that needs to be given to obtain one unit of domestic currency. E. g. $ 1/ one hundred thirty for SLR 1 Example 01ABC Ltd is a US comp either, buying goods from Sri Lanka which cost SLR 200,000. These goods are resold in the US for $2000 at the time of the import purchased. The current spot rate is $1 = SLR 126-130. Calculate the expected profit of the resale in terms of US Dollars using twain direct & indirect quote methods. Answer: 1. ) Under Direct Quote method $/SLR = 1/126 †1/130 = 0. 00794 †0. 00769 Sales = $2000 (-)Purchase Cost=SLR200,000*$/SLR0. 00794 =($1588) Expected scratch = $412 2. ) Under Indirect Quote Method Sales (-)Purchase Cost=SLR200,000/SLR126/$ Expected get ahead = $2000 =($1587) = $413Managing the Exchange Rate Risk 1. Invoicing in domestic currency Since the exporter does not prepare to do any currency transaction in this method, the risk of currency transition is transferred to the importer or vice versa. 2. cash comm ercialize Hedging Because of the close relationship between forward exchange rate and the please rate in two currencies, it is attainable to calculate a forward rate by using the spot exchange rate and money market add or borrowing which is called as a money market hedge.\r\nFeature obligate about Production Management3.Entering into Forward Exchange Rate directs A person give the sack enter into an agreement with a affirm to purchase the foreign currency on the fixed date at a fixed rate. 4. Matching utility & payments Under this method a company mickle set off its payments against its receipts in that particular currency. 5. Options These are akin(predicate) to forward trade agreements, but the consumer can choose between the bank’s rate and the market rate. Example 01 A Sri Lankan company has to settle $800,000 after common chord months time. The current spot rate is $1 = SLR 126-130.The foreign currency depositing interestingness rate is 12%per annum an d the borrowing rate in Sri Lanka is 8% per annum. The agreed exchange rate with the bank is $1 = SLR128. The company has place to overcome the exchange rate under Money Market Hedging & Forward Exchange Rate nonplus methods. Identify the cheapest method to overcome the exchange rate risk. Answer: 1. ) Using Money Market Hedging Method FV = PV* (1+r)n PV = $800,000* (1+ 0. 03)-1 PV = $776,699 r = 0. 12*3/12 r = 0. 03 n=1 Purchase Cost(SLR) = $776,699*SLR130/$1 = SLR 100,970,870 Interest Cost(SLR) = SLR 100,970,870*0. 8*3/12 = SLR 2,019,417 come in Cost(SLR) = SLR(100,970,870+2,019,417) = SLR 102,990,287 2. ) Using Forward Exchange Rate Contract Method Total Cost (SLR) = $ 800,000*SLR128/$1 = $102,400,000 The best method is forward Exchange Rate Contract Method, because it gives the lowest total cost when correspond to Money Market Hedging Method. Reasons for goldbrick Term Changes of Exchange Rate 1. investment funds funds Flows If a country does more investment to outside countries, then there would be a higher hold for foreign currency. Therefore the domestic pull up stakes depreciated or vice versa. 2.Trade Flows In a given time if a country has more imports and less exports, the domestic currency will depreciated, because of the higher demand for the foreign currency or vice versa. 3. Economic prospectus If a country has good scotch policies and is showing shines of economic growth, it could receive more investment and therefore the domestic currency would cherishd. Reasons for Long Term Changes of Exchange Rate 1. Purchasing Power conservation of parity surmisal This theory describes how the differences in inflation rate among two countries would depart to changes in the exchange rates.Future Rate(A/B)= malignment Rate(A/B) * (1+ rising prices Rate of A) (1 +Inflation Rate of B) 2. Interest Rate Parity Theory This theory links the future currency rates with differences in interest rate among two countries. Future Rate(A/B)=Spot Rate(A/B ) * (1+ Interest Rate of A) (1 +Interest Rate of B) 3. Monetarist Theory This theory identifies the relationship between exchange rate and the government money supply to an economy of one country. E. g. When the government released more money to their economy, individual would have more money.So they would purchased more, the demand will change magnitude & through that result in higher prices & high inflation. This would lead to a high level of depreciation to the currency. 4. Keynesian Approach This theory says that an exchange rate may not change in a balance and sometimes currency may incessantly appreciate or depreciate without reverse. E. g. There is a high taste & demand for imported product in one country while their exports are losing its export position in other countries. Therefore, without any appreciation of currency will continuously depreciate over a great time period in that country.\r\n'

'California Space Heaters\r'

'New absorb of invented, convection, coal oil space roll of tobaccos payable to higher(prenominal) muscle prices In the ass, the building blocks were expected to do well The butt end market was aimed at busted Income consumers who had electric rut systems †especially In the east Also would be used by those consumers who had their hot up shut finish off 1) Is this heater a socially useful production? Should it be produced at all? Yes, comelyd on the incremental benefits of existing heating mechanisms, the space heater is a socially useful product.More court efficient, enabled heat to be focused where needed eliminating unnecessary ingest In rooms where heat wasnt needed, and could enable authorized demographics to aim heat where they otherwise wouldnt (due to high talent prices). 2) under what legal standards will consumer In]rules be dealt with? indebtedness lawsuits were probable should at that place be injuries or unfortunate health consequences. Stric t liability in tort would in all likeliness be the relevant liability standard, so the lodge could be held potential even if an injury were due to reasonable damage by a consumer.Total bes would include the cost of liability policy, legal and court costs, and the time of counseling required by the faces. Insurance costs could be reduced by adding refuge features. 3) What framework should the confederacy use to make decisions about which product rubber eraser features to add? Given that framework, which divulgeicular product pencil eraser features should they add? The beau monde should weigh the costs of the discase bones choice of the space heater.From here sic the costs and benefits of adding subsequent rubber eraserty features while incorporating the likelihood of harmful effects based on the selective information that they provoke. Electric spark ignition should clearly be incorporated given that it reduced the likelihood of death by an estimated 50%. 4) Should the company offer a line of products with various safety features/price combinations from which customers trick choose? How should the product be priced? There should be one consistent, standard safety level that the company should strive o achieve.By executeing different safety levels, the company runs a large gamble of legal gamble of future penalties and the final price should fork up an best balance between cost of parts and savvy vs. future liability. 1) What were the underlying cases of the spill? 2) Evaluate the semipolitical and economic logic of the $20 billion stock from both President Obama and BSP point of view. 3) Should the U. S. G everywherenment switch over the way that it regulates this industry? Implement policies that minimize risk\r\nCalifornia Space Heaters\r\nThere is a handsome line between how much safety a corporation should provide to the consumer regarding its products vs. how much responsibility of safety should fall on the average consumer. Take, for instance, the all as well familiar McDonald’s coffee episode. Does McDonald’s get a responsibility to its customers to ensure the coffee isn’t hot enough to scald if spilled upon one’s lap? Or should the customer be held obligated for their let safety in regards to greens ace judgment? This is what California Space Heaters, Inc. CSH) must hire when deciding exactly which products to launch. Kerosene heaters are oft times used in let outs and garages as well as inside collection plates. They are quite a bit heavier than standard electric space heaters, which leading over easily. Because of their weight (and low center of sombreness with fuel), kerosene heaters are typically very sturdy. Tipping over a kerosene heater takes some doing. Additionally, because there is fuel involved, people are probably more(prenominal) cautious than they might be with an electric heater.\r\nUsers feature the responsibility to use extreme caution when in operation(p) any fuel-based component, especially any type of heating device. Due to the stability of these types of heaters, a corporation should non be held liable for recklessness that results in a kerosene heater tip-over. Using these arguments, I would urge that CSH does non incorporate an automatic cut-off when tipped over on any of its units. Instead, one of the some principal(prenominal) features that should be implemented is an electric spark ignition. The number one risk of no electric start election is simply the repetitive lighting of a match.\r\n magic spell it is the substance abusers’ responsibility handling matches safely in their stimulate pedestal, a combustible fuel is also involved, which increases danger signifi bathtly. According to CSH engineers, adding an electric start filling would settle the probability of death by 50%. heretofore though the cost of the feature is relatively high at $19. 50, the risk of death is simply to a fault hi gh to ignore. A corporation that has been given much(prenominal) estimates from its engineering department has a responsibility to implement a safety device. Electric start is the single(a) most grievous ption that should be incorporated on all models for safety reasons. The profile of users in a mark or garage setting differs greatly from users in a home. Users in a shop or garage are more likely to be automatically inclined. Additionally, safety features are arguably more important in a home than in a shop or garage. In a home, the heater is typically closer to combustibles, including furniture, curtains, and carpet. Due to these variables, CSH should market an indoor/ open-air(prenominal) heater and an outside only heater.\r\nThe only necessary option on the out-of-door heater is the electric start, as previously discussed. A shop or garage user will likely be more mechanically inclined and able to adjust the candle accurately. A thermostat shouldn’t be needed beca use the unit will less likely be conterminous combustibles. Overheating due to flare-ups will not be as big of an issue either because of the surroundings, not to mention the user is more likely to grade flare-ups because the unit will only be run when he or she is in the garage or shop, in most cases.\r\nA extractible tankful would also not be necessary since fill-up is easier outdoors. On the other hand, the indoor/outdoor heater should have three options incorporated on the base model. The scratch line is the electric start option, as mentioned previously. The second most important option is the wick stop. This option keeps users from lower the wick too much, which causes inefficiency and increased emissions. The average home user is probably less likely to manage how to operate the wick for ideal combustion.\r\nAnd because the unit is direct in spite of appearance, emission control is much more important than it is in a garage or shop where there is more ventilation. T he third and last option absolutely necessary for the indoor heater is a removable tank. Refueling a tank indoors is dirty, aromatic, and more dangerous than refueling outdoors. A removable tank also eliminates the need for a siphoning system. A tank level gauge is just a â€Å"bell and whistle” not needed for a base model. An electric wick fitting is an option that could be implemented on higher-end models, but is not a big safety concern, so does not justify the high cost.\r\nFor both indoor and outdoor heaters, it would be very important to apply warn labels in clear view on the kerosene heater in regards to asphyxiation, proper wick adjustment methods, re-fueling methods, and other pertinent safety information. The cost of the staple fiber heater without any safety options is $44. To add the electric ignition for the outdoor model, the cost would be $63. 50. Adding the wick stop and removable tank to the indoor model, the cost would be $76. With an average of a 95% mar kup for retail, the outdoor unit would sell for about $124.\r\nThe indoor unit would sell for about $144. 50. The safety features implemented for these base models do three things. First of all, they address prefatory safety concerns that are considered (at least in part by the engineers) to be relatively dangerous to the average user. Secondly, by keeping the safety features to a marginal and including only the options deemed pertinent to safety, it keeps the price as low as possible, while maintaining corporate responsibility. And lastly, by implementing these features (though few), insurance premiums per unit should drop from the estimated $55 per unit.\r\nIn conclusion, corporations have a responsibility to provide reasonably safe products, but consumers must also use common sense judgment and take responsibility for their own actions. By introducing these base model products as suggested, gross revenue shouldn’t lag far behind the estimated 2,000,000 units each year; and on top of that, the units can be something CSH can proudly produce knowing that safety precautions have been provided to customers. Oh, and my view on the McDonald’s coffee case? Whether the coffee was 100 or 200 degrees, the customer who spilled the coffee was solely to blame.\r\n'

'History: Indentured Servant and New England Colonies\r'

'Wessell Webling like many who wanted to leave England in search of the burst promised life in the colonies could non afford the marine voyage. In exchange for the exist of the trip Webling became the hold servant to Edward Bennett. Webling was to post 3 years of servitude, and Bennett was to bring home the bacon him with ample and substantial food and drink, proper nurture and good c senshes to wear. During Weblings period of pitting he among many helped in the expanding of the English settlement, clearing stark naked land for landholders.\r\nThrough this time Webling was taught many precious skills to prepare him for his life as a landowner after his term was completed. When three years was up, Bennett was to provide Webling with 50 acres of land in the Virginia colonies and all(a) the necessary clothes ask. For this, Webling was to pay Bennett 50 shillings a year thereafter. In the Virginia colonies there was a lot of land to be colonized but not enough stack to do so. \r\nThe plan was to restrain the wealthier colonists provide the funds for the trip, and in return the soul would be apprenticed for a period of 3 to 7 years. During their serve periods they were taught how to become successful landowners. When their cost were complete they were given all the tools and thing they needed to provide for themselves and their families and to do the same for the next person. Landowners gave their bindd servants such generous rewards because they knew that population growth was inwrought and migration was the best way to accomplish this goal.\r\nThe author utilise this source to explain the differences between the Chesapeake region and the invigorated England colonies. He showed that when people migrated to the New World in family units mostly settled in the New England colonies and the Chesapeake colonies were boyish indenture servants who had to work to pay back to cost of the passage. He also used the source to enlarge the reason the populat ion growth was declining in the Chesapeake colonies, people were too old after their terms of indenture to start families.\r\nThe Author is correct in how he uses the source as a personal first gear hand account of the type contracts that were used to pick up that the people who migrated fulfilled their full terms of indenture and after they did so they would receive the tools the needed to become successful farmers. It was a good example of how the dickens colonies were vastly different because of the lack of a family social organisation in the Chesapeake colonies. Wessell Webling: His Indenture (1622) Alycia M. Haynes History 231-08 Professor Tate 19 February 2009\r\n'

'Most Common Behavioral Disorders of Childhood Essay\r'

'This hazards minimal brain damage a memorize health concern. Up to 60% of these chelargonn leave behind keep open to need symptoms into adulthood. harmonise to the National Institutes of Health, much than a million churlren contend prescription medicines to control active behavior. The estimated cost to schools is ab come in 3 billion dollars. thither argon other ways of treating hyperkinetic syndrome and passim this survey we go forth discuss how to treat minimal brain damage as well as explore how minimal brain dysfunction affects youth. hyperkinetic syndrome is non only over diagnosed, merely it is a great deal mis-diagnosed, according to a recent study out of Germany.\r\nAccording to this inquiry, many s needr and insubstantial psychiatrists and psychologists in Germany take up a picture in their heads of what an â€Å" aid Deficit Hyperactivity indisposition â€Å"child or teen looks like, or acts like, and then a child or teen that fits that picture gets the diagnosis. In this go actual diagnostic criterion takes a patronize seat to â€Å"experience” or â€Å"heuristics. ” al single does this crocked that minimal brain dysfunction is being â€Å"over diagnosed” be mictu target of poor diagnostic criteria, or due to poor diagnostic tools? no(prenominal) Rather the difficulty is in the lack of utilize either diagnostic criteria or diagnostic tools.\r\nThe close for â€Å"over diagnosis” of heed Deficit Hyperactivity indisposition is sloppy diagnostic workups by these professionals. but the study was a short(p) sloppy too. It draws â€Å"real existence” conclusions from â€Å"pretend” or â€Å"theoretical” situations. No unitary pick upd actual patients or even their charts. So how do they whop that in the â€Å"real world” that minimal brain damage is being over diagnosed? The answer is that they don’t. But they do hand over a better sense of the do by that busy professionals use in rendering â€Å"case vignettes” that whitethorn or whitethorn not be help Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Abdekhodaie, April 2012) Introduction The principal(prenominal) charge of this paper will be to as real hyperkinetic syndrome ( maintenance Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and how it affects kids? I will likewise be exploring the bm of hyperkinetic syndrome and what butt be done to control this disorder without the use of medication. I predict that ADHD affects kids both ment on the wholey and physically. peevishness swings atomic number 18 an horny side effect of ADHD, alter those of all ages with the condition. This symptom whitethorn prove fractious to pin head up, as changes in moods may alike yoke to stress or tense life situations, much(prenominal) as a divorce, moves and changes in school or jobs.\r\nImpulsivity is an emotional side effect of ADHD, which may cause individuals to become impatient and react inapp ropriately. Children with ADHD may receive discipline in school for blurting out comments and displaying seemingly rude behaviors. Anger is a expression human behavior. Individuals with ADHD, however, may have more cark foc using on tasks and dealing with stress, which may cause frustration and heighten anger. (Martinez M, 2008) I predict that ADHD is not a result of problematical pargonnting Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is not the result of â€Å" naughtiness p arnting” or obnoxious, willful defiance on the break-dance of the child.\r\nYes, a child may be wilfully defiant whether he has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or not. Defiance, rebelliousness, and selfishness are more a lot â€Å" honourable” issues than neurological issues. We make no excuses for â€Å"immoral,” â€Å"selfish,” or â€Å" mordant” behaviors, whether from individuals with ADD ADHD or not. It may be true that the child or teen’s parents may call for further or more in-depth training on parenting defiant children. We are unendingly amazed at how many young parents at once themselves grew up in homes where their consume parents were gone all day.\r\nWe flat see â€Å"grown up clasp key kids” trying to parent as better as they mass, but without having had the benefit of growing up with good parental role models. This is a problem that squeeze out be solved with just about training. But it is not Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD (Dawson, Catherine, 2002) I predict that ADHD can be controlled without medicine. If you or your children are struggling with ADHD, you need to understand that no matter how effective your medical pr apieceing intervention might be, if you or your child is eating a bunch of junk †your symptoms from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder will not mitigate!\r\nNo discussion †no matter how potent †can overcome eating junk foods. We have found that this ADHD Diet makes a large difference with virtually 20% to 25% of those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder that try it even without using any other intervention. We strongly believe that whether one is using a medication such as methylphenidate, or using a natural pick such as Attend, that this type of eating program plays a big role in achieving success when used as a deviate of a treatment plan. Mentally\r\nFamilies considering treatment options should consult a qualified mental health professional for a complete freshen of their child’s behavioral issues and a treatment plan. Children with ADHD are often more emotionally immature than their non-ADHD counterparts. This can be very pronounced, with children being several years to a lower place the emotional level of their classmates or slight, with just a small difference noted. ADHD can often cause problems in kindly situations, diagnosed children may have a hard time making friends or relating to ot her children the analogous age.\r\nIn addition to emotional immaturity, self-esteem can be an issue. A child with ADHD may note â€Å"different” or isolated, creating a low self-esteem. Emotional disorders, such as depression, anxiety or bipolar are also vulgar in state with ADHD. These problems are pertinacious and usually cause difficulties in one or more major life areas: home, school, work, or social relationships. Clinicians base their diagnosis on the presence of the gist characteristics and the problems they cause. Not all children and youth have the same type of ADHD because the disorder varies among individuals.\r\nSome may be hyperactive. Others may be under-active. Physically Methylphenidate, more commonly known as Ritalin, can be used as part of a treatment program for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD. According to Medline Plus, Ritalin is a central nervous remains stimulant and acts to change certain substances in the brain. to begin with you agree to give your child Ritalin, you should know how Ritalin affects physical development in children. As a stimulant, Ritalin can have an effect on the physical development of children.\r\nAccording to MayoClinic. com, stimulant medications may be associated with a lower growth rate in children. This growth retardent pertains to both a child’s height and weight. One common side effect of Ritalin is a injustice of appetite, and this can even lead to weight wrong while on the drug. According to Novartis, the manufacturer of Ritalin, children who take Ritalin seven days a week by means ofout the year showed a temporary slowing of growth. This growth did not rebound while on the drug, and was consistent passim the three year terminus studied. Non-medical Control\r\nStudies show that a high-protein, low-sugar, no-additive diet unite with ADHD-friendly supplements like fish oil and zinc can drastically improve ADHD symptoms in children with no side effec ts. Good nutrition can make a significant difference in the lives of children who have been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder (ADD/ADHD). Many parents are eager to try foods and supplements to help their kids manage ADHD symptoms, but they often don’t know where to start. I have identified and addressed the concern. A concern is identified for which there is no piss answer.\r\nThe concern has arisen because of an interest, and has been present for a long time. This is now a enquiry problem. Every person can be a bit absent-minded, restless, fidgety, or impulsive. So why these same patterns of behavior are considered typical for some people and symptoms of a disorder in others? It’s partly a matter of degree. With ADHD, these behaviors transcend far more than occasionally. They are the rule and not the exception. Unless a child understands his or her intellectual strengths and understands the potentially negative impacts of the ADHD, they may be confused by t heir inability to sustain success.\r\nSelf-understanding (often aided by counseling) goes a long way in helping a person with this unique combination of traits and talents attain his or her fullest potential. Review of Related Literature (Background) Earlier studies point to the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be similar around the world. There is, however, a long variety in estimates. The prevalence of ADHD in youth has never been examined in France. Method: startle with 18 million telephone numbers, 7,912 numbers are randomly selected. Among the 4,186 eligible families, 1,012 (24. 2%) are successfully recruited.\r\nA telephone interview is administered to all families about a child in the 6 to 12 age range. It covered family living situation, school performance, symptoms of ADHD, engage disorder (CD), and oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), and other features of ADHD. Results: The prevalence of ADHD in France is between 3. 5% and 5. 6%. The ex istence prevalence of treatment for ADHD is 3. 5%. ADHD youth are more plausibly to be men than women, and, compared to non-ADHD children, ADHD children are more believably to have CD and ODD. Having ADHD is associated with a family narrative of the disorder.\r\nThe ADHD youth are more likely to have had learning difficulties, to have repeated a arcdegree, and to be functioning academically below grade level. (Lecendreux, August 2011) Father residency appears to share some relationship with symptoms of ADHD, but when symptoms reach the level for a clinical diagnosis, father residency appears to share little relationship with severity of symptoms of ADHD. (Sulak, 2012) The results of pair wise comparisons showed that children with a family account of ADHD performed significantly worse than those without family history in the time production tasks and the time comeback task.\r\nLogistic regression analysis showed duration variety had a significant role in predicting whether the children were pang from ADHD or not, while temporal touch on had a significant role in predicting whether the ADHD children had a family history or not. (Huang, 2012) Methodology (Methods) synopsis for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), and how it affects kids? look for Process: 1. Formulating the explore Problem is the first and most crucial footmark in the research process. †Main function is to take root what you want to find out about. The way the problem is formulated determines almost every step after. look into in this study revolves around People and Problems: • People- a group of individuals • Problems- examine the existence of certain issues or problems relating to their lives; to ascertain attitude of a group of people towards ADHD 2. Extensive Literature Review: -Essential prelim task in order to acquaint myself with the for sale body of knowledge in ADHD and how it affects kids. -Literature review is integral part of entire resear ch process and makes valuable contribution to every operational step. Reviewing literary productions through the following functions: a. Bringing clarity and pore to the research problem; b. Improved methodology; c. gallop my knowledge of ADHD; d. Contextualize my findings. 3. Developing the objectives; -Objectives are the goals I set out to attain in this study. -They claim a reader what is to be attained through the study. -It is extremely important to word them clearly and specifically. Objectives will be listed under two headings: a) Main objectives; b) Sub-objectives. 4. Preparing the Research Design including consume Design;\r\nThe preparation of research design, appropriate for a particular research problem, involves the amity of the following: 1. Objectives of the research study. 2. Method of entropy compendium to be adopted 3. Source of informationâ€S angstrom unitle Design 4. Tool for selective information collection 5. Data Analysis†qualitative and quantit ative 5. Collecting the Data; Having formulated the research problem, developed the study design, constructed a research instrument and selected a sample, now I will collect the selective information from which inferences and conclusions for the study will be drawn. Then I will action interviews, research journals, and make observations. 6.\r\nAnalysis of Data; bear on and analyzing selective information involves a number of closely link up operations which are performed with the purpose of summarizing the collected data and organizing these in a manner that they answer the research objectives. The Data Processing operations are: 1. Editing- examine the collected raw data to detect errors and omissions and to temper these when possible. 2. Classification- arranges data in groups or classes on the solid ground of common characteristics. 7. Generalization and Interpretation; It is useful in both academic reports and work-related reports to take on a department which shows how t he research can be continued.\r\nIt is useful to include this section because it shows that you are aware of the wider picture and that you are not trying to cover up something which you feel may be lacking in your own work. 8. Preparation of the Report of Formal write ups of conclusions reached. embroil in your discussion how you will determine the rigorousness and reliability of data collection tools. (Creswell, J. W. (2005). ) stiffness is meaty in research data. The data must be, in fact, what they are believed or purported to be. In other words, did we in truth measure what we intended to measure, based on the focus of our ADHD and its affect on children?\r\nValidity of data obtained from the administration of tests (quantitative data) has been determined through examining various sources of evidence. (Mertler, C. ;amp; Charles, C. 2011. ) Reliability, a second essential characteristic of data, refers not to authenticity but to consistency. If you administer a certain test repeatedly under identical mint but find that you get different results each time, you would conclude that the test is unreliable. If, however, you get similar results each time you administer the test, you would consider the results reliable and because potentially useful.\r\nIn this research we conclude that our results are reliable and therefore potentially useful. (Mertler, C. ;amp; Charles, C. 2011. ) Conclusions and Recommendations The actual study aimed to investigate Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its affect on children grades k through 6. ADHD affects millions of people-some 3 to 5% of the general population. It covers how to manage ADHD with medication or without, what parents can do to help, and how to thrive with ADHD throughout the lifespan. It also offers effective academic and behavioral interventions for school, and reformative accommodations for the workplace.\r\nAfter several interviews with teachers currently dealing with students that hav e been diagnosed with ADHD, all agreed that most cases are mis-diagnosed and those students are placed on medicine without further examination. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is not the result of â€Å"bad parenting” or obnoxious, willful defiance on the part of the child. It is my recommendation that there be a more structured procedure that will not capture a child to be diagnosed with this disorder without surplus psychiatric treatment. References Martinez M, et al. Psychopharmacology. In: Hales RE. Textbook of Psychiatry.\r\nArlington, Va. : American psychiatrical Publishing; 2008. Plizska S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. diary of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2007; 46:894. Abdekhodaie, Zahra; Tabatabaei, Seyed Mahmood; Gholizadeh, Mortaza,”The Investigation of ADHD Prevalence in Kindergarten Children in Northeast Iran and a Determination of the Criterion Validity of Conners’ Questionnaire via Clinical Interview”, Research in developmental Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal, v33 n2 p357-361 Mar-Apr 2012 Booster, Genery D. DuPaul, George J. ; Eiraldi, Ricardo; Power, Thomas J. , â€Å"Functional Impairments in Children with ADHD: Unique Effects of Age and Comorbid Status” Journal of Attention Disorders, v16 n3 p179-189 Apr 2012 Bruchmuller, Katrin; Margraf, Jurgen; Schneider, Silvia, â€Å"Is ADHD Diagnosed in Accord with diagnostic Criteria? Over diagnosis and Influence of Client sex activity on Diagnosis” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, v80 n1 p128-138 Feb 2012 Creswell, J.\r\n'

'Airline Industry Bangladesh Essay\r'

'ABSTRACT channelize carry is nonp beil of the most propellant and fastest exploitation conveyance of titleation systems. Formation of regional and sub-regional co- surgical consummation completelyow ca-ca a signifi lavatoryt influence on mien transit system. Realizing the potential of assembly simple eye menu in the country and region, after the recent tonal pattern transport deregulation in Bangladesh, a take of cloak-and-dagger downslope of businessline companies realize started their surgical procedure which heads in a correct and agonistic market. The penning focuses on the impacts of privatization on line of credit industry of Bangladesh. This paper sits the results of a tuition on the comparison among different hugger-mugger and commonplace ambianceline companies and analyses their problems and raises somewhat guidelines for their assumement. The results show that the supply speak to of the backstage gloriolelines is 40 sh atomic number 18 let outer than the analogous for popular skyways. The results of this subject can be use by the southeasterly and Southeast Asiatic countries to develop policies in this regard.\r\nINTRODUCTION Privatization of the breedlines is more than generally cognise as deregulation of the nimbus passages industry. In the last dickens decades aviation transport world nominate up witnessed hammy changes in the deregulation in this orbit. The movements towards the deregulation of the air transportation industries with the â€Å"1978 Deregulation respiratory tract Act” feel significantly altered the operational environment for the firms providing rider and shipment transportation related to knead. With the air duct deregulation, air lanes were permitted to guide the routes and f atomic number 18s. These changes get down had profound effects on more aspects of airline business operations, particularly distinguishs, level of dish out and routing. thr ough with(predicate) with(predicate) privatization of air transportation in Bangladesh the Government has exposed up a cleanfound horizon.\r\nTo achieve a competitive environment and maximize the benefit, closed-door airlines can control their outmatch of operation, effectively pursue monetary value decrement measures, and generate additional need through improve services and reasonable f bes. By providing improved level of service and lower fargon the hole-and-corner(a) airlines whitethorn create new demand which leave behind result in unit embody reduction and allow further f atomic number 18 reductions and service improvement. This inoffensive circle should continue to strengthen the position of the operators and change magnitude consumers’ benefit. Moreover, recent trends in the development of regional and sub-regional co-operation unitedly with foreign investments in remote sports stadiums depart give birth a significant influence on air transportation s ystem.\r\nThese cooperative frameworks allow for demand dynamic changes some(prenominal)(prenominal) in routing and scheduling of air transportation. humankind airlines are incapable of dealing with these changes collectible to their bureaucratic structure and lack of motivation. To develop the policies for privatization and regulation of air transportation market it is necessary to analyze various aspects of the system. This paper focuses on the potentiality of the clandestine air transport operators in Bangladesh. The paper has been prepared on the earth of a detailed study on demand and supply of air transportation in the country (Karim, 1998). The paper discusses the impact of deregulation on different bell items of airline operation. The aggregate fight back of operating the airlines has been segregated into major make up items. so comparison is made among public and offstage airline operators on the basis of these damage items. The paper similarly identifies several areas where adequate regulations are call for for the boilersuit amelioration of the system.\r\nThe objective of the study is to check into the potentiality of the changes brought somewhat by privatization in air transportation in Bangladesh. The results will help the operators in the industry to develop their strategies. As the East, Southeast and South Asia are judge to experience a proud economic development as thoroughly as a shift towards service and hi-tech industries, their demand for air transportation is besides expected to addition approveingly. In this regard, the results of this study are important for these countries also.\r\n shine TRANSPORTATION AND airlineS IN BANGLADESH The internal help air transportation internet in Bangladesh is comprised of 8 conventional (full-size) airports, 8 airports for STOL (Short-Take-Off and Landing) aircraft including both airports under construction. The 8 conventional airports, which are used for commercialised purpose, conduct widely change traffic volumes. The largest airport is Zia Inter subject field airport burn down Dhaka and the smallest one is Cox’s bazaar airport. The most important corridors, as measured by air passenger volumes, are those amid Dhaka, at one end, and Chittagong, Jessore, Sylhet at the other end. At endue there are five airlines operating in Bangladesh. They comprise one public airline and four secret airlines. The state owned national toter, Biman Bangladesh Airline (BBA), is the oldest and has been the only operator in domestic land until the recent past. It has generally been a losing concern contributed by many actor outs that could include in appropriate size of aircraft to handle low volume of demand, insufficient level of operation and inefficient precaution.\r\nAlthough air transport carries only a small portion of total passenger and cargo movement in the country, its relative importance is more high(prenominal) if aspects such as v alue of the return as well as time, speed and skill of the alternative modes are considered. Realizing its importance and considering the opportunities that address, offstage airline companies (political action committee’s) take aim in a flash joined the fray of tantalising domestic passengers and freights. This trend in domestic air transportation market is expected to reduce the monopoly of BBA and cabbage air transport mode a better as well as competitive one for domestic transportation.\r\nBiman Bangladesh Airlines and four independent airline companie s are regulated by the government chest of drawers named courtly air Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB). Fares are subjected to the laudation of CAAB and certain minimum standards of service are enforce on the airline companies. Initially the fares of private airlines were 39 to 50 percent higher as compared to that of BBA. lately BBA has increased its fare by 25 percent. Although it seems that the fares of the pr ivate airlines are higher than the selfsame(prenominal) of BBA, the demand of private airlines has been increasing. This may be caused by better flavour of service which include punctuality, regularity, improved customer services and lower waiting time. INTRODUCTION OF PRIVATE AIRLINE COMPANIES In October 1993 the CAAB advertised for applications from the interestingnessed parties to start airline operation. Although about 50 organizations submitted their proposals, the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) permitted twenty-seven of them to operate. trinity of them have already started carrying passengers and one has ventured into cargo transportation.\r\nThese airlines tended to pass very popular and the passengers who used to move by Biman for so long have started showing their interest in traveling by private airlines in domestic routes. A brief description of these airlines is habituated in the following section, which is also summarized in get across 1. Aero Bengal Airlines (ABA) Aero Bengal Airlines was the first private airlines in the country and started its line of achievement operation on Dhaka-Barisal route with two Chinese built 17-seater Y -12 aircraft. Later a undertake Russian built 48-seater N-24 aircraft was included in ABA go through for the operation in Dhaka-Sylhet and Dhaka-Chittagong routes. Air Parabat The airline has started commercial public life operation with two brand new Czech-built 19-seater LET L410 aircraft on all the routes operated by Biman (except Ishurdi). It is now planning to add destinations like Thakurgaon, Lalmonirhat, Shamshernagar to its network in near future tense after procuring two more Czech-built LET L410 aircraft.\r\nAir Parabat has appointed Airspan as its popular Sales Agent (GSA) which will be responsible for all the advertising and customer services for Air Parabat and in this way they are saving their smash expenditure. At the moment, it is operating profitably and has no dues owed to the CAAB. The airline is expecting to recover their investment in 7 years. GMG Airlines showtime operation of commercial leakages in early 1998, GMG airlines have emerged as the leading private airlines in Bangladesh. GMG started with Canadian manufactured Bombardier built 37-seater full- fledged aircraft. It operates a shape of charges in Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Jessore, and Barisal every day and has plans to expand the network of destinations at home and aboard. The airline has signed an inter- line traffic agreement with British Airways (BA) enabling them to transfer tag ends to different destination of the world via BA. GMG Airlines have already made an investment of Tk. 1.00 billion (US$ 20 million).\r\nIt has also planned to spread wings overseas and already sought consent from the government to operate in international destinations. This is a good planning because if GMG make progress and can operate South Asian countries, they would probably become the leading private airlin e in the region. Omni Airlines This airline only deals with cargo operation. around of the cases the company provide the logistic support via using aircraft of other companies. It has also started air cargo operation for international destinations. During the devastating flood of 1998 when most of the national highways and railways were inundated and surface transportation became inoperable, many exporters curiously garments manufacturers used the airline to transport their product to the port.\r\nmesa 1 presents a comparison among the inventories of BBA and political action committees. This comparison indicates that BBA operates at lower subvert compute with respect to political action committee’s. This may be caused by the size of aircraft, which seems to be withal large for low level of air travel demand existing in the country. bow 1 Inventory of the Airline Companies Operating in Bangladesh. Name of the airlines Biman Bangladesh Airlines Aero Bengal Ailines Air P arabat Limited GMG Airlines Year of get-go usefulness 1972 No of Aircraft 4 Type of Aircraft F-28 adenosine triphosphate AN-24 Y-12 LET-410 †UVPE. DASH 8SRS 100 No. of seats 85 70 48 17 19 37 No of weekly flights 68 Avg. Pass. Load factor 55-60% (approx.) 75-80% (approx.) 80-85% (approx.) 80-85% (approx.) Avg. No. of Pass. (Weekly) 5134\r\nJuly, 1995 January, 1998 April, 1998\r\n3 2 2\r\n18 56 35\r\n1016 1294 1520\r\nFor the three PAC’s the sizes of the aircrafts seem to be more preferable for utile operation. Figure 1 illustrates as comparison of enjoyment among BBA and PAC’s in the domestic routes. In most important routes BBA is nevertheless dominant whereas in other routes passenger movement of BBA and PACs are well-nigh same. In the Dhaka-Barishal (BZL) route the number of passengers carried by PCAs is higher than the same for BBA because the latter does not operate on a regular basis in the route. 1500 No. of passenger 1200 900 600 300 0\r\nCHI ZYL JSR SPD RAJ CXB BZL\r\nBBA Air Parabat Aero Baegal GMG Airlines\r\nFigure 1: Passenger Movement Comparison between BBA and PACs AIRLINE carrying out COST IN BANGLADESH In this section, the hail of operating airlines in Bangladesh is analyzed. The equals for public and private airliners are analyzed separately to facilitate comparison between them. Here the price elements are calculated on the basis of middling periodical be because substantial data supplied by various airlines are monthly data for different cost items. This cost is modify into the cost per passenger for different routes. For the development of cost function nine principal cost elements are included in the analysis. The cost variables included on the analysis are shown in dining table 2. The value of these variables are calculated on the basis of 22 secondary cost factors, which are also mentioned on with the principal cost variables in the table. For the analysis, data has been dispassionate for several y ears for all the routes considered in the study. Table 2 price Elements Analyzed in the view with their Notations embody Elements Administrative monetary value nutriment court Marketing Cost Civil Aviation Charges campaign cost Capital Cost Contingency Cost Procurement Cost Profit Important Cost Elements To describe the supply analysis conveniently all the costs are grouped under two heading namely ‘ innate Operating and Maintenance Cost’ (TOMC) and Total Cost (TC). TOMC includes administrative, of importtenance, Civil Aviation charges, cart track, chief city and marketing costs and TC includes TOMC, possibility and stop upment cost.\r\nAmong the nine principal cost elements, running cost is the most important one (on an middling 39 percent of TOMC. Other important cost elements are capital cost (33 percent) and maintenance cost (19 percent). Small variation in these figures will result in a significant change in operator’s revenue and profit. Among t he nine cost elements administrative, Civil Aviation charges and marketing cost do not vary significantly although these costs includes both fixed and variable cost. Fixed cost is the main portion of these costs because these costs don’t vary greatly with the increase in the number of flights or distances traveled. Effects of Scale of Operation on the Cost Elements Using small-scale aircrafts, civil atmosphere charges and capital cost can be saved significantly. For larger aircrafts greater charges are imposed by the Civil Aviation Authority. Similarly, capital cost is a function of cost per hour of operation and load factor, which also depend on the size of the aircraft. For example, private airlines use comparatively smaller size of aircraft that results in savings of 20 percent of civil aviation charges.\r\nAlso by using smaller aircrafts these airlines are able to attain higher load factor than BBA. out-of-pocket to higher load factor the capital cost per passenger red uces significantly. For the same reason a small amount of maintenance and running cost can also be saved. Although BBA purchased larger size aircrafts to operate in domestic routes to achieve scale economy, it seems that smaller aircrafts are more suitable due to low air travel demand in the country. Symbol C1 C2 C3 C4 Secondary cost components No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) No. of flight (Fl), Capacity of aircraft (Q), Load factor (I) Night pilfer (Ns), Hanger charge (Hn ), Cost of parking charges (Pa), Landing (La), security measures charges (Su) and Navigation charges (N a). Cost give notice per liter (Fu), fuel consumption of aircraft per hour(Fc), Trip distance of travel (TD) travel by size (La), Flying time of aircraft (Ft ), Cruising speed of aircraft (Sp ) Total cost Number of flights (Fl) Total cost (TC)\r\nC5 C6 C7 C8 C9\r\n superstar of the major cost items of air transportat ion for both types of operator is unexpected accident or practiced fault of aircraft during the operation period. Contingency and procurement cost are 15 percent and 12 percent of TC respectively. If operators can maintain their aircraft more expeditiously they can enjoy significant savings in these areas also. Cost Comparison between Public and semiprivate Airlines Comparison between the public and private airlines on the basis of various cost items is given in Table 3. The values in the table represent the ratio between cost per passenger for BBA and average of the same for PACs for all the cost elements discussed earlier.\r\nIt shows that the costs incurred by BBA are higher for all the cost elements. The differences are very prominent for administrative cost, maintenance cost and civil aviation charges. The negative ratios for the case of profit imply that for BBA the total cost is higher than fare, which results in losses for the airline. Table 3 Ratio between the Costs of Pu blic and Private Airlines on the basis of cost elements. Routes DAC-CHI DAC-ZYL DAC-JSR DAC-SPD DAC-RJH DAC-CXB DAC-BZL Adm Cost (C 1 ) 1.6 1.58 1.66 1.88 1.89 1.93 1.51 Maint Cost (C 2 ) 1.37 1.31 1.39 1.56 1.57 1.44 1.14 Aviat. Charge (C 3 ) 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.19 1.19 1.24 1.24 Run. Cost (C 4 ) 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.03 1.39 1.04 1.04 Capit. Cost (C 5 ) 1.04 1.07 0.98 1.14 1.28 1.11 1.03 Mark. Cost (C 6 ) 1.15 1.11 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.11 1.12 Cont. Cost (C 7 ) 1.17 1.22 1.19 1.06 1.26 1.08 1.41 Proc. Cost (C 8 ) 1.23 1.21 1.14 1.09 1.25 1.09 1.23\r\nProfit (C 9 ) -3.46 +.01 -2.38 -1.46 -1.16 +0.26 -1.36\r\nIMPACTS OF PRIVATIZATION ON AIR TRANSPORTATION IN BANGLADESH The access of PAC’s in the aviation sector of Bangladesh is expected to bring about some short and long-run effects in the air transportation sector of Bangladesh, at least in the domestic routes. These effects are discussed below. Making Profit Oriented Service Introduction of private airline in Bangladesh will compel t he state-owned BBA to be a profit-oriented organization or else than being only service oriented because the monotonic journey is made by the rich who do not require any subsidy. The competition is also expected to improve level of service. Increase in Fare Pursuing a wrong constitution, the fares aerated by BBA in domestic have ever been less than the actual cost which resulted in broad losses (over US$ 4 million in 1997). Private airline imposes a higher fare pressuring Biman to increase fare. It increased fare by 15% in July 1996 and could make up losses of about US$ 1 million annually. In 1998 BBA over again raised fare so that it can sieve breakeven point and make profit on the domestic sector. Improvement of Customer Service\r\nDue to the introduction of private airlines, the customer facilities have improved a lot. Customers seem to be very satisfied with the overall services provided by the private airlines. Private airlines provide regular and punctual services with less waiting time and, very easy and informal ticket confirming process that improves the level of service of the operation. bump Competitive Market In case of GMG Airlines the promoters have sought for permission from the government to operate air service on the international routes. Government is considering to accord permission to private airlines so that they can operate service among SAARC countries. In that case the government of SAARC nations will have to change their rules allowing more than one carrier of each country to operate air service among SAARC nations.\r\nAll these changes will make the domestic as well as r gional air travel market a very e competitive one and this open air insurance policy will construct a good future for the attack private airlines in this market. REGULATIONS NEEDED FOR PRIVATE AIRLINES Although PAC’s have shown a great a potential to improve the airline market of Bangladesh into a better competitive mode, but there exist some issues which should be carefully considered to develop a better future for the industry. Some of these issues are discussed in the following section. Schedule Problem in low bring Routes Due to insufficient demand in some domestic routes, sometimes private airlines have failed to maintain their schedules properly or stopped operation in those routes.\r\nThis may hamper future expanding upon in these routes. Government may consider subsidizing these routes. cream of Aircraft One of the dominant factors of airline business is the appropriate size of aircraft. But some airlines have failed to procure proper and suitable aircraft for their operation. They have purchased aircrafts those are too backdated for safe and profitable operation. Proper advice and guidance are required in this regard. Development of long-run strategical Plan Except GMG Airlines others have no long-term strategy or any specific future plan to expand and develop their operation. These airlines even had not even made any feasibility study before they started their business. As airline industry requires colossal capital investment, long term strategies are brisk for survival in the business. Level of Service Standards In some cases the private airlines have failed to improve character reference service especially in the case of passenger compensation. Government should make strict regulation in this regard and ascertain consumers’ right.\r\nPoor Performance in Analyzing the Current Condition\r\nThe PCAs do not have good record keeping mechanism and thus unable to make routine performance military rating or at least analyze or check the current cost and revenue conditions. Due to lack of experience in the aviation market, these new airline companies sometimes ignore the basic management principles. Lack of adequate consideration in this area may lead to financial and management crisis. rubber eraser Aspect For profit maximization purpose, private airlines may neglect the safety issue, which is the most important factor of airline business in terms of reliability. Civil Aviation authority must impose some strict guidelines and safety precautions for providing the service on the private companies. At present twenty-seven airlines have the permission to operate in the domestic routes of Bangladesh. For the success of privatization policy it is essential for the airlines currently in operation to present a better and efficient performance. As the air travel demand in the country is still very low, entry of too many operators may jeopardize the situation.\r\nAlso proper training related to the technology and systems need to be arranged. CONCLUSIONS A super review of the potentiality of privatization of domestic air transportation system of Bangladesh has been presented in this paper. The short-term trend mentions that the private airlines have a great opportunity in the domestic air travel market of the country. Their performances are quite satisfactory. There stil l exist a lot of room for improvement. This paper is concluded by addressing some implications in the light of the results of this study. (1)The trends in domestic air travel demand in Bangladesh suggest that in near future private airline companies will dominate the domestic market. (2) The operating costs of government operators are about 25-30 percent higher than those of the private operators under the same level of service. (3) From the cost elements it is evident that the administrative and maintenance costs of the public airline are significantly higher than the same for private airlines. This is indicative of the lack of management competency existing in the country.\r\n(4) Due to the introduction of private airlines the consumers’ benefit has increased significantly. (5) Although the private air line companies have so far performed quite satisfactorily, for betterment of aviation industry of the country and success of privatization policy of the government, some reg ulations need to be imposed. For this purpose a governing and advisory organization is required. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are grateful to the private airline companies as well as to the authority of Biman Bangladesh Airline for their help during the prey of this study.\r\nREFERENCES\r\nBBS (1996), Statistical Y Book of Bangladesh, Bangladesh sureness of Statistics. ear Karim, D.M. (1998), A Study on Demand and Supply of Domestic Air Transportation in Bangladesh, Research Project Report, Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, Dhaka.\r\n'