Tori Amos Biography :: essays research papers

Tori Amos, Goddess of Rock and Roll, and the piano. The girl who has been through somuch, but still lives to tell about(predicate) it and share all of her life experiences through her songs. Her life is almost like a song itself, with all of the trials and tribulations one canimagine.Amos, who was born in Newton, wedlock Carolina on August 22nd, 1963 wasntoriginally called Tori. Her given name was Myra Ellen. The change of her name camelater in her career. Right from the beginning, her talents on the piano were recognized. At the tender age of three, before her legs were even long enough to reach the pedals, shewas climbing up to the piano bench to find a song. By the age of five, she was theyoungest learner to ever be accepted to the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore. Shestayed at the Conservatory for several years, but by the age of eleven she was asked toleave because she didnt regard to play the music that was required of her. She once statedin an interview on the Rosie OD onnell Show, Those guys are dead, why do I want toplay that crap I want to be a composer...dont we all...but I did. After getting kicked out of the school she began playing at piano bars. Her get under ones skinalways was tagging along, because she wasnt old enough to go alone. She played at thebars, in addition to a Marriot hotel, until she graduated from high school. Sometime afterthat Ellen, as she was called, changed her name. One of Toris sisters brought herboyfriend to one of Toris shows one night to see her play. After the show the boyfriendtold Amos that she indeed was not an Ellen. She looked like a Tori, and that is how it allbegan. After high school, she joined a band called Y Kant Tori Read. The band signed tothe Atlantic record label, and worked on the release of their first album. Their CDrelease flopped, and the band broke up. When their CD was first released, not manypeople wanted it. Amazingly enough, the CD now goes for around one ampere-second dollarsas a Tori c ollectors item.During this time, Tori was still doing little gigs here and there. One night after ashow, something happened that changed her life dramatically. Tori offered a member ofthe audience a crusade home after the show, and he raped her in the back of the car with agun to her head.

The Terrorist Threat Essay -- Analysis, Ulrich Beck

The paper The Terrorists Threat World Risk Society Revisited written by Ulrich Beck, the author analyses how chance has changed overtime and he focuses on the idea of new jeopardy, and that is terra firma risk. Ulrich Beck breaks down this idea of world risk into three different types, spatial, temporal and complaisant. As well, he also names three different types of conflict, he discusses the effects of risk on the center and the periphery and he examines the use of language. In this essay the important focus will be on how the main points of Ulrich Beck wad all relate to the three different types of risk otherwise known as the de-bounding of risk. Also, I will look at how the de-bounding of risk has dissolved the idea of nation-states.One of the many ideas of risk in this topic is that risk has become de-bounded. Beck explains this by reflexion that risk is not the point that life is becoming to a greater extent dangerous, but the fact that the types of risks have changed ( Beck 2). The de-bounding of risk means that risks have surpassed their territorial limits they are not longer restricted by time and space boundaries. Beck argues that there are three new types of risk that emphasize this de-bounding. The first is called spatial, spatial risk refers to the fact that new risks in society are not staying within traditional boundaries those are the boundaries of the states (Beck 2). The next type is temporal, this category of risk means that new risk does not have time restrictions, the consequences of a risk can last longer then we are able to communicate them (2). Lastly there is the social risk, the social risk no longer has one central cause, and you can no longer blame one person or society for that conundrum (3). Beck goes on to describe the de-bounding ... ... argument is too centered on America this is because he is talking about dealing with the risks as a united world but he seems to be claiming America will be the center. His most compelli ng idea is the issue of the de-bounding risk. This is important because all of his other main points can be put into the three categories that he sets out for risk, spatial, temporal and de-bounding. The de-bounding of risk is also the reason for why states are slowly starting to focus more on risks and the world rather then risks and their society. In this essay I summarized Becks main points then examined how they could be categorized by the aspects of de-bounding as well, I also examined Becks idea of the nation-state disappearing. Overall Becks argument is one that should be taken into consideration when understanding where modernization is taking the future of the world.

A Worn Path and The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Essay -- Compare/Cont

In the short stories A fatigued Path by Eudora Welty and The Jilting of granny knot Weatherall by Katherine Anne Porter, both women overcame several obstacles. In A Worn Path, capital of Arizona Jackson faced obstacles such as her age, physical challenges, and how others viewed her. Granny faced obstacles such as dying, feeling betrayed by her children, and disappointment in her love life. In A Worn Path by Eudora Welty an elderly African American woman named phoenix Jackson picks a cold declination day to make yet another perilous journey to a near by city to get medicine for her ailing grandson. On the focal point this old woman faces many obstacles, both natural and man-made. Phoenix draws upon her perseverance and willingness to sacrifice herself to help her throughout her journey, but it is the undying love for her grandson that truly guides and drives her to her nett goal. She is described as being a very old woman. Her eyes were blue with age. Her skin had a pattern all its own of numberless crotch wrinkles and as though a whole little tree stood in the middle of her forehead, but a golden color run underneath, and the two knobs of her cheeks were illume by a yellow burning under the dark (Welty 386). These all show an indication of her old age. Also, her loss of memory indicates her old age. It was only until Phoenix reached the doctors office she remembered why she went on her journey. My grandson. It was my memory had left me. There I sat and forgot why I made my trip(Welty 394). another(prenominal) character in the story was a white man who was a hunting watch. When Phoenix falls in the ditch, he helps her out of the ditch. Even though the hunter helps Phoenix, he still poses as a threat to her, because it seems he did not want her to finish her journey. This is made apparent when he states, Why, thats too utmost Thats as far as I walk when I come out myself, and I get something for my trouble(Welty 391). In addition, like her name, Phoeni x seems ageless. When she stops to drink water from the spring she says, Nobody know who made this well, for it was here when I was born(Welty 391). When she encounters the hunter and he asks her how old she is she says, There is no telling, mister, said, no telling (Welty 392). Again her age is emphasized when she goes to the doctors office and the nurse ask her why she never went to school. I never did go to school, I was too old a... ...e must have due a great compensation in the afterlife. The greatest wrongdoing was that having been promised a Heaven, an eternal life, and Granny was once again left alone. Granny was much like Phoenix Jackson, they both had to overcome obstacles or challenges in life that made them stronger. Granny had to bus with the heartache and pain of being deceived and disappointed by what she thought was love and Phoenix had to overcome the obstacles of traveling a difficult Journey because of the love she had for her grandson. lot can control humans l ives and can help humans reach the end of the challenging path. Phoenixs and Granny Weatheralls ability to withstand and overcome these challenges shows their strong determination, and the will power to endure hardship and continue to be strong.Works CitedBartel, Roland. Life and Death in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path. USA Harcourt Brace and Company, 1998. 45-48 Kirsznerand and Mandell, Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Earl McPeek. USA Harcout, Inc., 2001, 1997,1994,1991. 388-395 Porter, Katherine Anne. The Jilting of Granny Weatherall. Literature Reading, Reacting, Writing. Fort Worth Harcourt, 2000.

Mary Shellys Frankenstein - A Victim of Society Essay -- Frankenstein

Mary Shellys Frankenstein - A Victim of SocietyThe peter Victor Frankenstein describes in Mary Shellys Frankenstein is far from a villain, at least in the traditional sense. This creature is a victim of circumstance, scarred by society, and scorned by its bear creator. Contrary to the Christian belief in original sin, I sympathize with the monsters view on life when he states I was benevolent and good disaster made me a fiend (Shelly 78). I disagree with the idea that all men atomic number 18 born sinners, I feel that all men are born pure and clean. It is only their future actions that make them imperfect. A true relationship between the monster and Victor never existed. Victor is similar to a man who fathers a child only for the pleasance of doing it, ignoring the circumstances it may bring. Victor was so thrilled to see the components of his creation coming together - thence it was truly a thing of beauty to him. But the likes of the biological father, he is only excited over the thrill of doing it. After the sensation and pleasure of creation ends responsibility begins and Victor, like our modern day deadbeat dads, refuses to face the consequences of his actions. Any relationship that existed between these two was simply that of usury - except the currency was not gold or silver, but fame and pride. Victor hoped to use his creation in a selfish manner, only to gain recognition for himself. So what did the creature gain from all of this? He certainly was not the recipient of any pleasure. And as far as endeavoration, he never had a chance to exploit his creator, his creator only exploited and abandoned him. The monster is not merely a madman murdering random individuals he is a creation of war, fightin... ...reature for his wrongs. Frankenstein should teach us an important lesson about our own society. We have to be careful not to assume everyone has had the same opportunity as the next man, or to assume a person is nothing more than a misfit because he stumbled into some trouble. When the creature mourns over Victors dead body, we see he is human like anyone else. He cries, he apologizes, and he breaks down. Like going to jail . . . where a person is broke down and circumstance prompts them to ponder the situation they have fallen into. Most supposed criminals in America are not evil they are victims of a society, situation, or lack of knowledge that has put them in that position - just like the monster. Work CitedShelley, Mary. Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus. Edited with an Introduction and notes by Maurice Hindle. Penguin books, 1992

Girls: Growing up in the Global Education System :: Essays Papers

Girls Growing up in the Global Education System admission When one means of the term coach education, one sees it as the golden key to a brighter future, improving employment prospects and earnings but fundamentally we think of a system that serves to stimulate individual talents to the full, regardless of race, gender or social status. The naivete of this thought is huge however, as the majority of people atomic number 18 unaware of the victimization of female childs that exists in the schooling system. Reports around the world show examinations of how girls face multiple social and economic barriers to both enrolling in and staying in school. However, in most settings, disparities between initial enrollment rates for girls and boys are much greater than differences in drop out rates, suggesting that the major challenge remains to draw and quarter girls in school. In this report, I will focus my attention into three areas the barriers that girls face in enrollin g in the schooling system the inequalities that they receive in school (ultimately an inferior education to boys due to gender bias and other issues) as well as the paths taken by administrators towards improving the state of a girls education. Due to the wide range of sources that I used, I will attempt to parallel the elements of a girls education from various corners of the globe with that of girls living on the border. Barriers Girls face in enrolling in school Factors that affect the percentage of girls who enroll in school are various poverty, tradition and culture are the uncreated barriers which girls experience in school enrolment. A familys income is a great determinant of the probability that girls will attend school. If a familys income is low, the son is often chosen to attend school rather than the daughter, as he is more likely to contribute financially to the family income and support their parents, as they grow old. Girls in such an environment are needed to help with household chores and childcare for younger siblings. Since schooling involves substantial costs for fees, books, uniforms and transportation, when available school places or family resources are limited, parents often give higher priority to educating sons. This situation oftentimes accurately depicts the situation facing girls living on the border, as their families can be classed in such a poor social status.

Girls: Growing up in the Global Education System :: Essays Papers

Girls Growing up in the Global Education SystemIntroduction When genius thinks of the term school education, one sees it as the golden key to a brighter future, improving employment prospects and earnings but fundamentally we think of a system that serves to stimulate individual talents to the full, regardless of race, gender or social status. The naivete of this thought is huge however, as the majority of people are oblivious(predicate) of the victimization of girls that exists in the schooling system. Reports around the world show examinations of how girls baptistery multiple social and economic barriers to both enrolling in and staying in school. However, in nigh settings, disparities between initial enrollment rates for girls and boys are much greater than differences in drop out rates, suggesting that the major challenge remains to get girls in school. In this report, I will focus my attention into three areas the barriers that girls face in enrolling in the schooling system the inequalities that they receive in school (ultimately an inferior education to boys due to gender bias and other issues) as well as the paths taken by administrators towards improving the state of a girls education. Due to the wide range of sources that I used, I will attempt to parallel the elements of a girls education from various corners of the globe with that of girls living on the border. Barriers Girls face in enrolling in school Factors that affect the percentage of girls who enroll in school are various poverty, tradition and culture are the primary barriers which girls regard in school enrolment. A familys income is a great determinant of the probability that girls will attend school. If a familys income is low, the son is often chosen to attend school rather than the daughter, as he is more likely to contribute financially to the family income and support their parents, as they grow old. Girls in such an purlieu are needed to help w ith household chores and childcare for younger siblings. Since schooling involves substantial costs for fees, books, uniforms and transportation, when available school places or family resources are limited, parents often withstand higher priority to educating sons. This situation oftentimes accurately depicts the situation facing girls living on the border, as their families can be classed in such a poor social status.

Critical Response Essay

Advertisement can attract anyone that it wishes. In the essay, Whats Natural about Our Natural Products? by Sarah Federman, Sarah talks about how the words spirit and natural are being used to sell more merchandises and seem healthy . She goes on to discuss how the word natural has turned into a marketing asset. Federman shows readers that food companies, uses these words to manipulate consumers to buy more of their products. It is a technique thats used for products like Kraft Cheese to get sales to go up. It is known that Kraft sells Natural Shredded nonfat quit, Natural Reduced fat swiss, and Natural cheese cubes. Federman writes, Kraft has done nothing special with the cheese itself, natural in this case presumably relates to the shredding, reducing and cubing process (442). Companies way of attracting on new audience. I agree with sarahs argument about victimisation natural and nature solely to sell products. Advertisers shouldnt use these words because if y ou read the labels, its still man made ingredients in it. To Federman, natural means, products or redevelopment any or all of the following a healthy alternative, an environmentally friendly product, vegetarians, and or produced without synthetic chemicals (442).Companies can get away with recollecting their product natural ingredients. But mixed in these natural, there are unhealthy components like corn syrup, dicalcium, and trisodium phosphate. These oils arent healthy, but because of the media, everything with natural on it is automatically honorable for you. Federman makes a strong point about about how companies can say its natural but not even how a product is made is natural. she states, I found nothing that explained the meaning of naturally baked , do you think this means they leave the chips out in the sun to crispen up? probably not, so why does this process cost more per ounce when it uses less fat? (443). Companies never tell the full ingredients list nor tell you exactly how its made, so to call itnatural is false. The consumers want to be healthy and fit, so the cost wouldnt bother them. It cost more for something that is less manufactured, but most of the time companies just say its natural just to make more money. This proves that society has an effect on people using it, we want it, but these arent good for us, and advertisers crisscross us into buying it.Federman stated all her thoughts about how companies put the word natural on any labels to attract the audience who thinks buying product that advance to be natural, to show them that you cant always believe what you see. When reading Federman essay, it can feel like on lecture at time, but as you and some what sarcastic. When Federman states, variations of the words nature and natural are used for product naming to distinguish alternative medicine practitioners from their western counterparts blue jeans (441). it seem as if youre sitting in the lecture. She makes it seem a s if she speaking as part of a group of people who against companies putting natural on the products. Federman expresses feeling for her topic throughout the essay without a demanding tone, but slightly funny.Gladly, her tone doesnt affect her writing. Without the tone she gives off, the essay wouldnt stand out, catch the readers attention. The tone makes sure it changes the thoughts of the readers. I use to buy products that said all natural or nature on it and spend all that money. intellection if I buy those products, I will be living healthy. But, after reading Sarah Federman essay, I know now that the products I brought were lack of natural ingredients. The play that these advertisers are using, and the products that say natural is the same as the original. I agree with all of Sarah Federman claims, and i fully understand her thoughts and logic about natural products . deeds CitedEschholz, Paul A., Alfred F. Rosa, and Virginia P. Clark. Language Awareness Readings for C ollege Writers. Print.

Production System

output signal governing bodys What is a return dodging? An app atomic quash 18l doing system of rules is an integration of material discourse drudgery serve well, personnel and the equipment that directs lend flow and generates finished products. Different types of production systems argon state-of-the-art chock up system Unit production system modular production system severally system begs an appropriate management philosophy, materials handling methods, floor layout, and Employee prepare. Firms whitethorn combine or adapt these systems to meet their specific production needs.Firms whitethorn use only one system, a combination of systems for one yield line, or contrasting systems for different product lines in the same plant. Progressive Bundle System The progressive bundle system (PBS) gets its name from the bundles of garment split that are moved sequentially from performance to operation. This system, often referred to as the tralatitious production syst em, has been widely used by apparel manufacturers for several decades and still is today. The expert says that use of bundle systems would decrease as firms seek more tractability in their production systems picWork flow in progressive bundle system Bundles consist of garment parts needed to complete a specific operation or garment component. For example, an operation bundle for pocket setting might include shirt fronts and pockets that are to be attached. Bundle sizes may range from cardinal to a hundred parts. Some firms see to it with a standard bundle size, while other firms vary bundle sizes according to decoctting orders, fabric shading, size of the pieces in the bundle, and the operation that is to be completed. Bundles are assembled in the cutting room where cut parts are matched up with corresponding parts and bundle tickets.Bundles of cut parts are transported to the sewing room and devoted to the operator scheduled to complete the operation. One operator is expected to perform the same operation on all the pieces in the bundle, retie the bundle, process coupon, and set it aside until it is picked up and moved to the next operation. A progressive bundle system may require a high volume of pass in process cause of the number of units in the bundles and the large buffer of backup that is needed to ensure a continuous cut back flow for all operators. pic The progressive bundle systemThe progressive bundle system may be used with a skill center(a) or line layout depending on the order that bundles are keepd by dint of production. Each style may have different processing requirements and thus different routing. Routing identifies basic operations, sequence of production, and the skill centers where those operations are to be performed. Some operations are common to mevery styles, and at those operations, work may march on up waiting to be processed. Advantages and disadvantages of using progressive bundle system AdvantagesThe success of a bund le system may depend on how the system is set up and used in a plant. This system may allow better utilization of excessized machines, as output from one special purpose automated machine may be fitting to add several operators for the next operation. Small bundles allow faster throughput unless in that location are bottlenecks and enormous waiting between operations. Disadvantages The progressive bundle system is driven by salute efficiency for individual operations. Operators perform the same operation on a continuing basis, which allows them to increase their speed and productivity.Operators who are compensated by piece rates become extremely efficient at one operation and may not be willing to learn a new operation because it reduces their efficiency and earnings. Individual operators that work in a progressive bundle system are independent of other operators and the final product. Slow processing, absenteeism, and equipment failure may also cause major bottlenecks withi n the system. Large quantities of work in process are often characteristic of this type of production system.This may lead to longer throughput judgment of conviction, poor quality concealed by bundles, large inventory, extra handling, and hassle in controlling inventory Unit production system A unit production system (UPS) is a type of line layout that uses an command processing overhead conveyer belt system to move garment components from work station to work station for Assembly pic Work flow of unit production All the parts for a case-by-case garment are advanced through the production line together by means of a hanging carrier that travels along an overhead conveyor.The overhead rail system consists of the main conveyor and accumulating rails for for each one work station. The overhead conveyor operates much like a railroad track. Carriers are moved along the main conveyor and switched to an accumulating rail at the work station where an operation is to be performed. At the completion of an operation the operator presses a button, and the carrier moves on to the next operation. Most unit production systems are linked to a computer control center that routes and tracks production and provides up-to-the-minute information for management decisions. The utomatic control of work flow sorts work, balances the line, and reduces claims of favouritism in bundle distribution. Electronic data collection provides payroll and inventory data, immediate tracking of styles, and cost and performance data for prompt decisions. Processing begins at a staging area in the sewing room. Cut parts for one unit of a single style are grouped and loaded directly from the staging area to a hanging carrier. Loading is carefully planned so nominal handling is needed to deliver garment parts in precisely the order and manner that they will be sewn.When possible, operations are completed without removing the parts from the carrier. Varied sizes and types of hanging carriers ar e avail qualified for different types of products. Automated materials handling replaces the traditional system of bundling, tying and untying, and manually moving garment parts. Unit production systems eliminate roughly of the lifting and turning needed to handle bundles and garment parts. The need for bundle tickets and processing operator coupons is also eliminated when an integrated computer system monitors the work of each operator.Individual bar codes or electronic devices are embedded in the carriers and read by a bar code scanner at each workstation and control points. Any data that are needed for sorting and processing such as style number, color shade, and lot can be included. structured systems have on-line terminals located at each work station to collect data on each operation. Each operator may advance completed units, reroute units that need repair or processing to a different station, and check their efficiencies and earnings Operator may signal for more inventory or call for a supervisor if assistance is needed.The terminals at each station enables central control center to track each unit at any given moment and provide management with data to make immediate decisions on routing and scheduling. Operators of the UPS control center can determine sequences of orders and colors to keep operators supplied with work and to minimize change in equipment, operations, and thread colors. A unit production system can control multiple routes and simultaneous production of multiple styles without restructuring production lines. The control center may perform routing and automatic balancing of work flow, which reduces bottlenecks and work stoppages.Each operator as well as the control center is able to monitor individual work history. individual unit, number of units completed, the operator who worked on each unit, and the piece rate earned for each unit. The system will regard the earnings per hour, per day, and the efficiency rate of each operator. Adv antages Benefits of a unit production system depend on how a system is used and the effectiveness of management. Throughput time in the sewing room can be drastically decreased when compared to the progressive bundle system because works in process levels are reduced.Operator productivity increases. Direct labor costs are reduced because of propositioned parts in the carriers and elimination of bundle processing. Indirect labor costs may be reduced by elimination of bundle handling and requiring fewer supervisors. Quality is improved because of accountability of all operators and immediate visibility of problems that are no longer concealed in bundles for extended periods of time. The central control system makes it possible to immediately track a quality problem to the operator that completed the operation.Other benefits that are cognize are improved attendance and employee turnover and reduced space utilization. Disadvantages Considerations for installing a UPS include costs of buying equipment, cost of installing, specialized training for the system, and measure of downtime. Down time is a potential problem with any of the systems, but the low work in process that is maintained makes UPS especially vulnerable. Modular toil System A modular production system is a contained, manageable work unit that includes an empowered work team, equipment, and work to be executed.Modules frequently operate as minifactories with teams responsible for group goals and self-management. The number of teams in a plant varies with the size and needs of the firm and product line. Teams can have a respite function as long as there are orders for that type of product, but the success of this type of operation is in the flexibility of being able to produce a wide variety of products in small quantities. The numbers of employees on a team, usually 4 to 15, vary with the product mix. A frequent rule of thumb is to determine the average number of operations prerequisite for a s tyle being produced and divide by three.Team members cross- prepare and interchangeable among tasks within the group. inducement compensation is based on group pay and bonuses for meeting team goals for output and quality. Individual incentive compensation is not appropriate for team-based production. Teams may be used to perform all the operations or a certain portion of the assembly operations depending on the organization of the module and processes required. Before a firm can establish a modular production system, it must prioritize its goals and make decisions that reflect the needs of the firm.With a team-based system operators are given the responsibility for operating their module to meet goals for throughput and quality. The team is responsible for maintaining a smooth work flow, meeting production goals, maintaining a specified quality level, and handling motivational support for the team. Team members develop an interdependency to improve the process and accomplish their goals. Interdependency is the relationship among team members that utilizes everyones strengths for the betterment of the team. Work flow in modular production system picA Modular Production System operates as a Pull System, with demand for work coming from the next operator in line to process the garment. Wastage is normal, and workflow is continuous and does not wait ahead of each operation. This increases the potentials for flexibility of styles and quantities of products that can be produced. Teams usually operate as sustain or Sit-down units A module may be divided into several work zones based on the sequence of operations and the time required for each operation. A work zone consists of a group of sequential operations. Operators are trained to perform the operations in their work zone and djacent operations in adjoining work zones so they can move freely from one operation to another as the garment progresses Work flow within a module may be with a Single-piece hand-off, K anban, or Bump- back system. If a single-piece hand-off is used, machines are arranged in a very tight configuration. As soon as an operation is completed the part is handed to the next operator for processing. Operations need to be well balanced as there is usually only one garment component between each operation. Some modules may operate with a buffer or small bundle of up to ten pieces of work between operators.If a small bundle is used, an operator will complete the operation on the entire bundle and anticipate the bundle to the next operation. An operator may follow a component or bundle for as many operations as they have been trained or until the adjacent operator is ready to assume work on the bundle Advantages of a Modular Production System are 1. ) High flexibility 2. ) Fast throughput times 3. ) Low wastages 4. ) Reduced Absenteeism 5. ) Reduced Repetitive Motion Ailments 6. ) Increased employee ownership of the production process 7. ) Empowered employees 8. ) Improved QualityDisadvantages of Modular Production System 1. ) A high capital investment in equipment. 2. ) High investment in initial training. 3. ) High cost incurred in continued training Combinations of Production Systems Some firms may use the progressive bundle system for producing small parts Combined with modular production for garment assembly. This reduces the investment in specialized equipment and reduces the team size needed. Some industry consultants believe that a modular system combined with a unit production system provides the most flexibility, fastest throughput, and most consistent quality.This would be particularly useful for large items such as coveralls or heavy coats. The UPS would move the garment instead of the operators. Each manufacturer needs to determine what is best for its product line and production requirements. The another major and oldest production system followed in industry is TOYOTA PRODUCTION system of rules (TPS) Toyota production system pic Histor y of (TPS) The production system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation to provide best quality, lowest cost, and shortest lead time through the elimination of waste.Development of TPS is credited to Taiichi Ohno, Toyotas chief of production in post-WWII period. Beginning in machining operation and spreading from there, Ohno led the development of TPS at Toyota throughout the 1950s and 1960s and the dissemination to the supply base through the 1960s and 1970s. Toyota Motor Corporations vehicle production system is a way of making things that is sometimes referred to as a lean manufacturing system or a scarce-in-Time (JIT) system, and has come to be well known and studied worldwide.Then, in 1924, Sakichi invented the worlds first automatic loom, called the Type-G Toyoda Automatic Loom (with non-stop shuttle-change motion) which could change shuttles without stopping operation. The Toyota term jido is apply to a machine with a built-in device for making judgments, whereas the regular Japanese term jido (mechanisation) is simply applied to a machine that moves on its own. Jidoka refers to automation with a human touch, as opposed to a machine that simply moves under the monitoring and supervision of an operator. Since the loom stopped when a problem arose, no defective products were produced. This meant that a single operator could be put in charge of numerous looms, resulting in a tremendous improvement in productivity. pic Just in time Just-in-time is a management philosophy and not a technique.Just-in-Time means making only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed. To efficiently produce a large number of products such as automobiles, which are comprised of some 30,000 parts, it is necessary to create a detailed production plan that includes parts procurement, for example. Supplying what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed according to this production plan can eliminate waste, inconsistencies, and unreasonable requiremen ts, resulting in improved productivity. Kanban system pic Kanban is a production system its a part of toyato production or lean manufacturing system Kanban is a Japanese word which means signal cards. These cards are hung where ever required o only when this card indicated that the particular space is empty the products are filled back in the tray This is a simple concept, but very effective. Kanban primarily focus on the reduction of overproduction. The is also interlinked with the Toyota production system In the TPS, a unique production control method called the Kanban system plays an important role. The Kanban system has also been called the Supermarket method because the idea behind it was borrowed from supermarkets. Supermarkets and mass merchandizing stores use product control cards on which product-related information, such as product name, product code, and terminus location, is entered.Because Toyota employed Kanban signs in place of the cards for use in production process es, the method came to be called the Kanban system. At Toyota, when a process goes to the preceding process to find parts, it uses a Kanban to communicate what parts have been used. Here a Kanban system is used pic There are two kinds of Kanban Production instruction Kanban Parts recovery kanban cellular manufacturing What is cellular manufacturing? Cellular manufacturing, sometimes called cellular or cell production, arranges factory floor labor into semi-autonomous and multi-skilled teams, or work cells, who manufacture complete products or complex components.Properly trained and implemented cells are more flexible and responsive than the traditional mass-production line, and can manage processes, defects, scheduling, equipment maintenance, and other manufacturing issues more efficiently pic History Cellular manufacturing is a fairly new application of group technology, although the Portsmouth Block Mills offers what by definition constitutes an early example of cellular manuf acturing. By 1808, using machinery anatomyed by Marc Isambard Brunel and constructed by Henry Maudslay, the Block Mills were producting 130,000 blocks (pulleys) for the Royal Navy per year in single unit lots, with 10 men operating 42 machines arranged in three production flow lines. This installation apparently reduced manpower requirements by 90% (from 110 to 10), reduced cost substantially and greatly improved block consistency and quality.Group Technology is a management strategy with long term goals of staying in business, growing, and making profits. Companies are under dingy pressure to reduce costs while meeting the high quality expectations of the customer to maintain a competitive advantage. Successfully implementing Cellular manufacturing allows companies to achieve cost savings and quality improvements, especially when combined with the other aspects of lean manufacturing. Cell manufacturing systems are currently used to manufacture anything from hydraulic and engine pumps used in aircraft to plastic packaging components made using injection molding. Goals of cellular manufacturingThe goal of cellular manufacturing is having the flexibility to produce a high variety of low demand products, while maintaining the high productivity of large scale production. Cell designers achieve this through modularity in both process design and product design. Process design The division of the entire production process into discrete segments, and the assignment of each segment to a work cell, introduces the modularity of processes. If any segment of the process needs to be changed, only the particular cell would be affected, not the entire production line. For example, if a particular component was prone to defects, and this could be solved by upgrading the equipment, a new work cell could be designed and prepared while the obsolete cell continued production.Once the new cell is tested and ready for production, the inflowing parts to and outgoing parts from th e old cell will simply be rerouted to the new cell without having to disrupt the entire production line. In this way, work cells enable the flexibility to upgrade processes and make variations to products to better suit customer demands while largely reducing or eliminating the costs of stoppages. Product Design Product modularity must match the modularity of processes. Even though the entire production system becomes more flexible, each individual cell is still optimised for a relatively limit range of tasks, in order to take advantage of the mass-production efficiencies of specialisation and scale.To the extent that a large variety of products can be designed to be assembled from a small number of modular parts, both high product variety and high productivity can be achieved. For example, a varied range of automobiles may be designed to use the same chassis, a small number of engine configurations, and a moderate variety of car bodies, each available in a range of colors. In this way, a large variety of automobiles, with different performances and appearances and functions, can be produced by combining the outputs from a more limited number of work cells. In combination, each modular part is designed for a particular work cell, or dedicated clusters of machines or manufacturing processes.Cells are usually larger than typical conventional workstations, but smaller than a complete conventional department. After conversion, a cellular manufacturing layout usually requires less floor space as a result of the optimized production processes. Each cell is responsible for its own internal control of quality, scheduling, ordering, and record keeping. The idea is to place the responsibility of these tasks on those who are most familiar with the situation and most able to quickly fix any problems. The middle management no longer has to monitor the outputs and interrelationships of every single worker, and instead only has to monitor a smaller number of work cells and the flow of materials between them, often achieved using a system of kanbans

Nike Position Paper

Nike Position Paper In our prevalent society today, there is an intricate debate between boycotting and supporting many divergent transnational corporations such as Nike, Inc. It has been inferred that Nike breaches multiple human rights acts and workplace violations. Dissidently, Nikes total net income is 273. 4 billion dollars and their annual revenue adds up to round 19 billion dollars. This concludes that global citizens ar more than voluntary to purchase their merchandise and endorse their business.Nike is involved in several environmental projects such as building athletic courts out of recycled shoes and their air pockets in numerous models of sport sneakers use nitrogen instead of SF6, which is a honey oilhouse gas. Nike also has green events associated with The Green Project of Long Island in New York State. Nike manufactures in all over 30 countries and sells in over 160, with about 36,000 employees total. They also have rights to Hurley International and Nike invests in professional athletes to promote their goods.Nike has dynamic and monumental marketing skills that influence our generation conspicuously. In correlation, multinational business pay acceptable w successions to workers because they have an countless amount of expenses unseen by most people. Corporations have significant distribution and tariff expenses bringing their products to market. Furthermore, transnationals pay acceptable wages given that profit margins are not as great as people may assume. Competition between producers is so fierce that profits for 214 companies in 1999 were limited to an average of 8. 3%.A wage premium is also applied where wages are 40% to 100% greater than the average rate in many evolution countries. It has been fathomed that Nike violates labor laws. But, anti-globalization people often distort the truth on this topic, as in the case of the fake German documentary film against Ikea. It has also been acquiesced that corporations go their workers. I t is valid that employees work long hours, but a New York Times article indicated that the workers do this willingly because this allows them to make more money than they might be able to earn otherwise.Mass business such as Nike, constitute investment and the increased export income improves a countrys equilibrium of payment, introduces otherwise unavailable goods and services that are essential for diversifying production, and stimulates local entrepreneurship by subcontracting to local industries and enhancing competition. You dont win silver, you lose gold, is a famous Nike quote that has much controversy behind it, as do many business affairs pertaining to this iconic corporation.While workers in Indonesia are being paid around 21,000 dollars a year for a myriad amount of hours of hard labor in one day, one of Nikes promotional athletes, NBA player Kobe Bryant, is being paid over 500,000 dollars a week to bounce a ball around. Workers are told to sign a contract which removes all their rights, they are typically fired by the age of 35, and Safety & Health Administration has found more than 1000 plus violations.Irrevocably, there are two definitive positions of transnational corporations. They have an agglomeration of flaws, but no(prenominal) that can be condemned irremediable. You hear a different opinion from each worker, each newspaper and each monopoly spokesperson. To ostracize such a beneficial asset to our economy would be asinine. People are kept off the streets, with paying jobs, and are making a contribution to society one shoe at a time.

Hedda Gabler Essay

In todays society we have the everyow of doing as much as we can in order to succeed in animateness or provide for one self. Hedda Gabler sadly did not have this privilege and neither did any some other women throughtaboo the 1800s. The display cases for gender, both man and women were set in stone. The man was meant to provide stability and the woman to provide children and preform other household chores. All of Heddas life the most she could hope for was to marry into wealth or high stature. She wasnt able to work or dissemble money for herself without being frowned upon. Yet, Hedda seemed to push as many boundaries as possible and go against everything for her to have a shining moment and try to make her life memorable.This aspect I find extremely significant considering how different life for women and men is in current society. He portrayed every character in a way that each one had some way of going against the world they knew and this scandalous assortment of characters make for an enticing perspective on the role of men and women in the late 1800s. The whole point I feel Ibsen wanted to make was that everyone should analyze themselves accordingly be start his view on the society made it clear that he disagreed with what was going on at the time. Practically every critic in the play considered Hedda to be a monstrous creature, yet I doubt that anyone wanted to look past the play and really, what if? What if this way of living is unfair? What if it were different?This outrageous play was put in place to cause a widespread eye opening to all that were willing to watch it. Ibsen tore every piece of society he had a problem with into pieces and cautiously morphed them into something that could inspire an entire generation of people to change there ways. There was Hedda with her masculinity and shocking personality that made women uncomfortable in their seats her character made them overthink about how women act, how they should act, and what is or sho uld be acceptable. Teasmen made the men feel as if he was a complete fool to swoon and beg in order to gain Heddas approval.Thea may have seemed to act lady like and her type of personality was what was usually accepted of a women but I feel she did have her weaknesses yet at the same time she had a sneaky way of being manipulative in trying to get out of her situation as well. She was similar to Hedda in that sense, the only difference is that Hedda would always love to be the center of attention which made her more acknowledged. Henrik Ibsen attention to kindly issues in my opinion brought out all the good, the bad, and the ugly of that times society. He had much attention to detail and an advanced way of thinking which effectively brings all the problems of society into light.

The Death Penalty Is an Outdated Form of Punishment

The Death Penalty is an Outdated Form of Punishment The protective authority is becoming cleverer to stopping wickednesss and is st trouble change magnitude for the past years. With the penalisation of the end penalisation annoyances rush non been decreasing. In fact the crime in the United States are 5 times to a greater extent than than Australia and Britain. The stopping point penalty is an outdated form of punishment and should be abolished because it is cruel and unusual. With the death penalty enacted criminals have been killed for their crimes only personify 4 times more than have them as career in prison house without parole.some(a) cases have happened where the criminal has been executed and soon with DNA was declared innocent. Life in prison in addition guarantees no future crimes, round religions go against the death penalty. Some people state that killing is wrong, and it breaks the worldwide human rights which is the right to life. In society it is not practiced as much, the trail is not a fair manner. Some criminals that are convicted with murder dont have good lawyers to protect them from the penalty. The death penalty promotes a normal solution to penalties. http//www. antideathpenalty. org/) The death penalty cost much more than life in prison without parole because in the temper it requires a long judicial processes to make sure that the criminal is not being charged with feat when they never committed the crime. Even with the precautions like these they bear still execute an innocent person without the right evidence. With the cost of the death penalty if life in prison without parole would take the place of it, the cost would lower millions of dollars less.With those millions we could use to fix communities, hire about 500 more protective authorities to take care of the prisoners, provide medicine to the mentally ill criminals, and could also prevent crimes and save lives. (OMalley) In California if they didnt have the death penalty they would save about $1 billion dollars over 5 years. In California taxpayers pay 90,000 more per death row than a prisoner in life. The ACLU has found there is a hidden death penalty tax in California additional to the one that is already been paid. (www. deathpenalty. rg) With people being convicted with crimes they have not committed in some cases the judge has curse them to the death row. With the many trails and appeals they have to face they are still shown guilty even though they didnt commit it. With in the United States since 1973, 140 have been executed and later was proven innocent. In 1981, a man named Earl Charles was convicted for murder, he spent the past three years trying to prove his innocence when he was in line for execution, after he was executed and later he was found innocent.Now they talk about him being the huge error. This shows that the court made a mistake and now could never redo or bring him back to life. Thats why we should replace the death penalty with life in prison because you enkindle take them out for the crime if declared innocent. (Meehan) We simply cannot say we live in a country that offers equal justice to all Americans when racial disparities plague the system by which our society imposes the ultimate punishment. Senator Russ Feingold, 2003 (www. deathpenalty. org).This means that in United States the constitution says we will not have any discrimination but there is always discrimination in certain ways that they dont notice. This complaint that people state is true because they have executed some whites to cover up the discrimination against blacks. Also the most prisoners executed almost 99 percent of them are men. Part of another discrimination is that some victims that they killed their lives are more important than other victims so they metre the more important victims killers to the death row.Studies have discovered that in crimes that if a black person kills a white are about 40 times more likely to be sentenced to death than if he killed a black. (Meehan) Some cases the death row sentence are applied in wrong ways such that when the criminal is sentence to the death penalty when they committed a less horrendous crime than one who did a much worst crime. An example is two men were charged with killing and one of them was sentence to death and the second man was freed, and verbalise that he didnt mean for the other man to take the blame is just came out that way.Later after the man was executed the freed man was given 7 years and 8 months in prison for kill the San Francisco mayor and another city official. This show that the court is unjust because they both committed the same crime but one was killed and another one was given about 8 years in prison for the same crime. (Meehan) In some religions scripts it say that execution is ok to do but now those same religions are unconnected to the death penalty in the United States and view it as immoral.Some religions that are opposed to the death penalty are Christian, Buddhist, Catholic, Jewish, and Interfaith. (deathpenalty. org) In the second week of September in 2012 an Ohio inmate was freed because of a Catholic organization who found evidence to condition him free. (Keyes) In the Christian Religion some enforce the thought that Cain was the first murderer in the world and was not executed because he had something special, which was populate the earth.A minister of religion wrote a book and say that Christ would oppose the killing of a human as a punishment for a crime. He also stated that it breaks against one of the Ten Commandments. This shows a strong command that the death penalty is wrong and should not be used. (Meehan) Internationally many countries have abolished the death penalty just during the 21st century about 30 countries have abolished the death penalty for all crimes, why, because they viewed as the death penalty as going against the international human rights which is the r ight to life. deathpenalty. org) In randomness Sudan human rights have backed up the campaign against the death penalty in the country saying that this punishment is outrageous and inhumane that goes against the right to life. The South Sudan society of the South Sudan Human Rights Society for Advocacy (SSHURA) are stating that the death penalty should be scrapped off the books of South Sudan Executive Director of the SSHURA and that they are in full support of societies that are against it.Currently about 150 countries of the United Nations have abolished the death penalty and are in the processes of helping other countries who havent abolished it. (Uma) The death penalty can bring suffering to the victims family, they support other punishments instead of the death penalty for sundry(a) reasons. The death penalty brings traumatizing long term effects that make the families suffer and reopen the event over again unlike life without parole it brings punishment to the criminal but it doesnt affect the family as much and will forget.Some families argue that millions are spent to the death penalty each year that if it is replaced with life without parole the money could be spent to violence preventions and solve unsolved cases. They also state that the death penalty focuses on legal consequences and not on human consequences and focuses on the crime and the accused instead of the feelings of the victims family, the accused families and very importantly the community. Life without parole punishes the criminal instead of putting them out in public or the news.With death penalty still enacted in the United States for victims families there are many organizations that help them become situated with the decision and also help reform the death penalty. much(prenominal) as Murder Victims Families for Human Rights which is an international non-governmental organizations of victims family members of criminal murder, terrorist attacks, state executions, assassinations and disappearances helping to abolish the death penalty with a human rights perspective. (deathpenalty. org) One of the most important things a person convicted of any crime is a lawyer.When a person who has had a mass murder ascertain that if they should get the death penalty is based on how good and clever is his or her representation. Some criminals cant afford a lawyer so they are given one but those attorneys ether dont have experience, are under paid, or sometimes overworked which can bring them to losing their lives because of the attorney. Some appointed attorneys come to court without any evidence to get them out or dont pay attention and lose the case. (deathpenalty. org) People for the death penalty have stated that with the death penalty crimes have been decreasing.The crime has been decreasing because our protective authority are coming up with more applied science to stop crimes but not because of the death penalty crimes have decreased. It is proven that the United States crime is 6 times more than England and 5 times more than Australia. Some states have larger crime rates than others. In the year 2003 state murder increased and went higher than the national murder rate. (antideathpenalty. org) The murder wouldnt think that committing the murder they would get caught and if they do they would think about the consequences they would get if they do. Sarokin) There have been various debates on the controversial topic of the death penalty. Such as execution cost more than life in prison, innocent people may be wrongly executed and can not return what has been done, crimes have not decreased since the death penalty was legal, life in prison also guarantees no future crimes, it goes against many religions, killing is wrong, some convicted cant afford an attorney so they are appointed the worst ones, it violated the international human rights laws known as the right to life, and race comes into function while they are tired.

Local and National policies regarding minorities in Japan and China Essay

There is no single partnership in the argona today which does not consist of a nonage group. In most cases, the minority pagan groups and the majority atomic subjugate 18 always in conflict, as the minorities ar gener tout ensembley oppressed. This arises mostly as a result of cultural misunderstandings. cultural misunderstandings earn become a widespread problem in the contemporary society. Cultural identity is a broad notion which is composed of demographic components such as nationality and social status (Schwartz 2007, par.1). However the various governments of the homo have move to protect the rights of the minorities by ensuring that they argon protected in their constitutions. japan and china have very well stipulated rights of the minority in their constitutions however, the minorities ar still subjected to abuse in theses countries. rendering of a minority A minority is commonly described as a group of population in a condition society with the following characteristics, numerically smaller than the rest of the population of the allege or a part of the state, which is not in a dominant position, which has no culture, language, religion, race among others, and is distinct from the rest of the population, whose members have a will to preserve the minorities, whose members are citizens of the state where they have the status of a minority, and have a long-term presence on the territory where they lived (Smihula 2009, par.1). chinaware Chinese Cultural Centre (2010) states that, From the hinterlands of the north, to the lush jungles in the south, from the mountains of Taiwan in the east, to the top of the world in the west, China serves as home to 56 official ethnic groups. The largest group, the Han, make up over ninety two of Chinas vast population, and it is the elements of Han civilization that world considers Chinese culture. Yet, the fifty five ethnic minorities, nestled away on Chinas vast frontiers, maintain their own rich traditions and customs, and all are part of Chinese culture.The ethnic groups in China live unitedly in very vast areas. Others live in small areas, in single concentrated communities which are normally inhabited predominantly by the Han people. This is a distribution which has been in that respect since time immemorial in the history of China, as various ethnic groups mingled and migrated. Chinas minority groups are scattered all over the republic. However, their population is small. They are found in every municipality, provinces and self-reliant region under the Chinese Central government.In other county-level units, there are more than two ethnic groups which live together. Currently, the Chinese minority groups are concentrated in autonomous regions like Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Liaoning, Hainan, Hunan, Jilin, Gansu, Guizhou, Yunnan and Taiwan (China UN 1999, par. 3). Generally, there are official efforts which have been made so as to cater for the rights of the minorities in China.The most obvious ones are the assistance of the minorities to get their own language, glorify their legendary heroes by compiling the history of the minorities , restore the medical expends of the minority as well as help them develop literature, compose music and opera ( Debra & Jensen 2002, 175). Policies on minorities Prior to the founding of the Chinese Republic in 1949, there was a general imbalance of ethnic minorities. They were denied social and economic development. approximately of the minority societies were in the slave sy motif, primitive system and others, in the serf system.Majority of the minority populations in these regions were slaves of feudal lords, temples, nobles and slave owners. The minority groups had no personal freedom, and all people would buy and sell them, and even give them out as gifts at their own will. The reason why there was so much oppression of the minority groups was because of the Sixteen -Point Law and the Thirteenth-Point Laws, which were formulated in the 17th snow (China UN 1999, par. 11) The first insurance that protects the rights of the minorities in China states that All ethnic groups participate in State Affairs Administration on an equal footing (China UN 1999, par. 14).The Chinese Government has ensures that the Han people and the minority participate in affairs management at local anesthetic and state governments. More heavyly, the government has stated that there is full guarantee of the minority ethnic groups rights so that they can effectively take part in state affairs management. For instance, the mellowest state power organ in China, National Peoples relation back (NPC), has confrontd a full support of the ethnic minorities rights. The topical anesthetic Peoples Congresses (LPC) and NPC have Electoral Law provisions.These provisions state that the minority peoples shall have their own deputies to sit in the NPC, and ethnic groups whose populat ion is less than that prescribed for electing one deputy and permitted to elect one deputy (China UN 1999,par. 14) In concentrated communities comprising of ethnic minorities, each of these communities is allowed to have their own deputy. The deputies elected sit in the LPC. Additionally, those who are scattered on vast areas are also allowed to elect their deputies in their LPCs.The number of people that are represented by the deputies is less than in the concentrated regions, compared to those who are from concentrated communities (China UN 1999, Par. 15). Great efforts have been made by the state so as to ensure that there is good proportion of people from the minority groups who are trained to be cadres. This enables them to be of help in the government. The national and local state offices are also comprised of very many personnel of the minority proportions. This is in the procuratorial, administrative, judicial and management organs.From year 2000, the percentage of the minor ities in the Standing military commission was twenty one percent. This number has been increasing within the years (China UN 1999, Par. 16) Since China became a republic, it has always ensured that Identification of Ethnic Minorities (China UN 1999, par. 17) is another policy which they should continually use. Previously, in front independence, there was no figure which revealed the total number of the minority groups in China. It only started this in a bid to implement the equality policy among all ethnic groups.As a result, there were well organized large scale investigations which were meant to identify ethnic groups since 1953. Since then, all ethnic groups, regardless of their social development level and the areas they have inhabited are all regarded as equal. Several minority groups which were not recognized in old China became recognized as a result of the change. They had the privilege of enjoying equal rights with the other ethnic groups in China (China UN 1999, par. 17) . Before 1951, there were no proper forms given to the minority ethnic communities in China.This was considered as oppression and ethnic discrimination by the Chinese government. In fact, most of the names that were given to the minority groups portrayed implications of high class ethnic discrimination. Therefore, the Central Peoples Government promulgated an order, which was meant to come on monuments, inscriptions, place names, tablets and appellations. Additionally, all inscriptions which had discriminative contents were all abolished. Some ethnic appellations which never implied insults were also changed so as to meet the wishes of certain ethnic groups.For example, the Tong ethnic group was converted to Zhuang (China UN1999, par. 18). Acts or words which were aimed at inciting discrimination and distaste against ethnic groups, and those which also aimed at sabotaging unity and equality among the people was regarded as a jurisprudence violation. All the ethnic groups that we re subjected to oppression, insults or discrimination were given rights to opine to their respective judicial institutions. At this point, all the complaints would be dealt with accordingly.China even joined several international conventions which were meant to protect the rights of all racial groups. Some of these entangle global Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid, The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. These organizations have helped the republic to continually advocate the national and local policy on equality in the Republic of China (China UN 1999, par. 20).The Chinese constitution also had provisions which enhanced the unity of the ethnic groups. The Chinese constitution has a policy which emphasized on the need to do away with group chauvinism, especially the Han chauvinism, as well as the local ethnic chauvinism. The Government has also worked hard to ensure that the media, literary works and publications groups are prohibited from revealing contents which damage ethnic unity among all Chinese communities (China UN 1999, par. 20). China has a diversity of religion. The main religious groups include Islam, Buddhism, Christianity and Taoism.Most of the ethnic groups have religious beliefs. The Chinese government has outlined specific policies which are meant to ensure that the freedom of all ethnic groups is safeguarded, and all the ethnic minorities are guaranteed normal religious activities (China 1999, par. 22). Additionally, they have been given freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages (China 1999, par. 23). There are specialists who have been kept apart so as to make investigations of written and spoken languages of the ethnic minorities.Additionally, there are special organizations which have been started so as to help people query in languages and train specialist s in the analogous languages (China UN 1999, par. 23). Culture is a peoples way of life. Killing the culture of a certain ethnic community would mean killing its future generation. In a bid to protect the culture of the ethnic minorities in China, the Chinese government has formulated plans which are meant to collect, edit, restate and publish elements of culture.These studies are of a cracking help as they give the ethnic minorities the rights to eat the food they prefer, to perform their various rites and rituals without discrimination. Additionally, the ethnic Chinese communities are well known of practicing traditional medicine. The government has built universities and research institutions so as to ensure that the ethnic minority groups that practice traditional medicine continue, at a more advanced level. In regard to art, the Chinese government has come up with a policy which promotes all their music and literature, therefore, binding them together as minority ethnic comm unities.No discrimination is allowed in the didacticsal circles, as the constitution has stated. All children are entitled to a good education (China UN, par, 40-50). Treatment of the minorities by the Chinese society Regardless of the Chinese constitution which has stated clearly on the treatment of the ethnic minorities, there has been a great amount of discontent among the ethnic minorities. As a result, they have always complained to the local and national state officials in regard to this treatment. Many at times, the law has not been taken seriously.When the officials do not give heed to the cries of the ethnic minorities, they end up protesting. A good example of recent protests which have evoked international concerns, and have actually revealed the treatment of the ethnic minorities in China is the Uighurs protests. The Uighurs are just a representation of the rest of the ethnic minorities, who have been denied their rights in spite of of them being stated clearly in the Chinese constitution. The Chinese government has not been so keen in the way they handle the East Turkestan and Urumqi, and there has been a general unrest in these regions (Kadeer 2009, par. 1).The number of the Uighurs that died during the protests were over four hundred, and scores of them were seriously injured. As a result, there was a curfew imposed in their dwelling region, Xinjiang province. Additionally, security was beefed up, so much so that every house has two policemen guarding it (Kadeer 2009, par. 5-6). The reason why the protests had occurred was because the Chinese government had gone back to the habits of the years before China became an independent. It has continued encouraging a national streak among the Han Chinese as it seeks to replace the bankrupt communist ideology it used to promote (Kadeer 2009, par.10). The major reason why the Uighur people demonstrated was because of the destruction of an ancient Uighur cultural problem, The Old City of Kashgar. Despi te of the governments claim to protect the culture of the minorities, they failed to demonstrate this through their action. This old city has served as an example of their civilization for very many years (Times on Line 2009, par. 7). lacquers National and Local policies on minorities Despite of the fact that both Japan and China are states in East Asia, there are fewer numbers of minorities in Japan as compared to China.The minorities in Japan form four percent of the total population (Faqs 2008, par. 1). The Japanese minorities have for a long time suffered oppression as a result of cultural and psychological factors. The ethnic minorities in Japan consist of the Koreans, Ainu, Burakumin and Okinawans. The numbers of the Burakumin minorities living in Japan are between leash to four million. They are of the lower Indian castes, and therefore are generally discriminated. The other major minority group is the Korean group, which mostly inhabits the Kinki region of Japan.The name B urakumin is discriminative, and traces its origin from the early Buddhist teachings prohibiting the killing of animals. All those people who were actively involved in the unrighteous and ignoble task of killing animals were referred to as the Burakumins. This is because they were considered as polluted. All contacts with these people were shunned. As a result they have been a discriminated ethnic minority in Japan even in the current geezerhood (Karan 2005, 184). The policies in Japan and China are not different. The Japanese government has tried its best to create the participation of minorities in the region.The attitudes of the Japanese government towards the minorities stem more from social attitudes continuation than the ideologies from official state policy. Japan has a human rights and liberal constitution, which is similar in many ways to the Chinese constitution. The theme is keen on the culture and a, its aspects, including religion, literature, art and music. It also ad vocates for the education of all the children from the minority groups, as well as proper representation of the ethnic minorities is the Japanese government (Faqs 2008, par.10). Even though Japan is known of having a human rights constitution, it maintains strong and regressive attitudes to several of the minority citizens. This is clearly revealed by the racialist attitudes towards the treatment of Koreans and the other minority groups (Faqs 2008, par. 10). The Japanese constitution stipulates in Article 14 that all people are under the law. Japan is a member of the International Covenant on Economic, Cultural and Social Rights (ICESCR), and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).These bodies are involved in the prohibition of discrimination on ethnic or racist grounds (HRDC 2002, par. 1). Treatment of minorities by the Japanese society The situation in Japan is no different from that of China as far as the treatment of the ethnic minorities is concerned. The Japanese authorities have always acted against the minority groups since time immemorial, regardless of the policies that the Japanese government has enacted concerning the ethnic minority treatment. A good example of an ethnic society that has been for a long time discriminated is the Koreans.In 2006, dozens of Osaka policemen and women were mobilized so as to search shops which were run by Koreans in Japan. The aim of this activity was to ensure that there was safety in the region. Additionally, the Central Hall, the main hall of the Korean residents in Tokyo, was another bone of rock (Korea 2006, par. 3). This is because unlike what they authorities had promised before, tax had to be paid for the hall (Korea 2006, par. 1). There was also the suppression of the Chongryon movement. This was the opposite of what Japan had been described as, a constitutional state (Korea 2006, par.3). Chongryon is an organization which was formed by the Korean people, and its role is to defend a ll the rights of the Koreans as far as democracy is concerned. The authorities claim that they would dissolve the group, as it was meant to attack the Japanese government (Korea 2006, par. 3). Several people have been against the racism and discrimination that has been subjected on the Japanese minorities. Due to this level of discrimination, UN specialists have stated that it is important to introduce new legislations to combat racism, as the situation has gone out of hand.The government has failed totally to consider the seriousness of discrimination and racism in the region. As a result, the minorities have been segregated from the other tribes despite the laws that are present to protect them. These minority groups have been left to wallow in poverty in Japans poorest dwelling places like slums. Politicians in Japan have used nationalist or racist themes so as to whip up popular emotions. The only way that Japan would be able to curb the discrimination problem would be through c ooperation of the government, the non-governmental organizations and the people.This would only be possible if the minority groups would be consulted first (BBC 2010). Conclusion The local and national policies regarding the minorities in Japan should be enacted afresh. This is because a society with a constitution which is not strictly adhered to is the same as having no constitution at all. Japan and China should listen to the cries of the minorities so as to advance in all their sectors. References China UN 1999, National minorities policies and its practice in China, Information Office of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China, viewed 25 May, 2010 Chinese Culture Center 2010, Ethnic minorities in China, Chinese culture, viewed 25 May, 2010 Chris, Hogg 2010, Japan racism deep and profound, BBC, viewed 25 May, 2010 Debra, Susan & Jensen, Lionel 2002, China Off Center Mapping the margins of the middle kingdom, Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press. Faqs 2008, East Asia mi norities, Viewed 25 May, 2010 HRDC 2002, Japan minorities yet to find their place in the sun, human rights features, viewed 25th may, 2010 Kadeer, R 2009, The real story of the Uighurs, heavy-handed police tactics by the Chinese false a peaceful assembly into a bloodbath, Dow Jones & Company, viewed 25 May, 2010 Korea NP 2006, FM Spokesman urges Japan to stop suppression of the Chongryon, viewed 25 May, 2010 Karan, Prasad 2005, Japan in the 21st century Environment, economy and society, Kentucky,University Press of Kentucky Times on Line 2010, The Uighurs cry has echoed round the world. Times Magazine, viewed 25 May, 2010, Schwartz Andrew 2007, Treatment of minorities in contemporary society, Article Base, Viewed 25 May, 2010 Smihula Daniel, Definition of national minorities in International Law, Journal of U. S. -China Public Administration, 6 (5)

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 8-9

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